The paper presents the results of activation of high-viscosity and sour crude oil applying acoustic treatment in order to increase the yield of light distillates. The considered pilot rotary-pulsating acoustic device (RPAD) is capable to generate acoustic oscillations. The intensity of the acoustic radiation in RPAD with predominance of certain frequencies is adjusted with the rotational speed. A wide range of vibrations (from infrasound to ultrasound) takes place depending on the number of revolutions. The yield of gasoline fractions and the determination of their fractional composition during the distillation of feedstock were estimated with the aid of construction of the curves of true boiling point before and after activation in RPAD in the temperature range between the beginning and the end of the distillation. The RPAD leads to the increase of the yield of gasoline fraction by 10 % in comparison with non-activated feedstock depending on the intensity of acoustic oscillations. Despite the appearing of accompanied with the release of the great amount of heat cavitation effect, the selective low-temperature cracking of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes takes place in this process. The group composition and the content of the alkanes, naphthenes and aromatic compounds are found to be changed after the activation of crude oil at the certain conditions. The cracking leads to the change of various hydrocarbon compounds, which entails the redistribution of the fractional composition and allows to increase the yield of the gasoline fraction. The analysis of their qualitative parameters changes (octane number and density) and the steepness and shallowness of the true boiling point curve depending on activation conditions proves this fact. The acoustic treatment on the crude oil feedstock significantly changes its physicochemical properties and improves certain operational characteristics of the gasoline fraction. It is shown that the physicochemical nature of the wave oscillations is an effective way of treatment on crude oil, which leads to the significant change in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of gasoline fraction and other products after treatment process. It is consistent with the received gas chromatographic data of individual, group and fractional composition. Material balances of the atmospheric distillation of the initial and activated in RPAD crude oil also allowed to prove the effectiveness of acoustic treatment. Selected from activated crude oil gasoline has a higher octane number than the initial fraction, and can be recommended to use as a high-octane component of motor fuels for gasoline blending. Thus, the research shows the possibility of application of the alternative method that increase the yield of light distillates by acoustic activation of crude oil feedstock in the rotary-pulsating acoustic device.
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