Key words: economic estimation, investment gas project, cost estimate, options, the design decisions.

The mathematical method, which allows to consider the forecasted changes in the external factors, and also the possibility to react on them and to make the corresponding decisions at the stage of the estimation of project is considered. The Black - Scholes inancial model gives the possibility to determine the forecast optional cost of sites with the specific portion of risk. At that the degree of the authenticity of the estimation of oil reserves, the oil prices and expenditures forecast, and also the possibility of the flexible reaction of the company to changes in these factors is taken into account. After the overestimation of the investment portfolio the decision can be accepted about the retention of those sites, whose optional cost proved to be high, and the putting up the remaining sites for sale on the appropriate cost.

Key words: cosmic dust, microsphere, magnetite, stratigraphy, correlation, petroleum deposits

The article presents data on the microspheres in Phanerozoic sediments of the Caspian Basin. It found almost perfect spherical formations diameter 170-950 microns. Studies were performed using microspheres of scanning electron microscopy with a microprobe analysis by X-ray. In mineralogical respect to the scope composed mainly of magnetite. Trace elements (Si, Al, Mn) in the microspheres increased from Paleozoic to Cenozoic deposits that can be used in the future as a geochemical criterion for stratigraphic correlation sections. In Cenozoic microspheres missing potassium and chromium, as noted in Paleozoic microspheres high chlorine content, which may be due to the presence of hibbingita. Textured surface of the microspheres (takyrs, plates, ribs, triangular depression, etc.), the presence of nickel and titanium impurities absence indicate their cosmic origin. Microspheres can be used as benchmarks in the search mikrostratigraficheskih hydrocarbons in sediments of different facies.

Key words: oil reserves, mineral resources, prospecting works, seismic surveys, state investment.

The Republic of Komi is one of the oldest oil producing regions, most of the fields have already entered the stage of declining production, so the development of measures aimed at increasing the production of crude oil remains relevant at the present stage. The results of monitoring of geological exploration in the region in recent years are presented. There is increasing role of private oil companies in consolidation the resource base of the industry. Concluded that to maintain the achieved level of oil production in the Republic of Komi is necessary to conduct exploration not only by companies, but also due to state investment.

Key words: strength, damage, fluid, oil and gas borehole.

The work is dedicated to research of strength and damage of fluid saturated rocks and has a practical application in petroleum and gas related rock mechanics. In order to understand the influence of fluids on the limit state of rock, triaxial laboratory tests on saturated rocks were conducted. The Mohr Coloumb strength theory is used to describe limit state of fluid saturated rocks. The results of stress distribution around vertical boreholes located in fluid saturated rocks based on the elastoplasticity theory are given. Prediction of limit state zone around vertical borehole shows that if initial stress state is non-hydrostaticthe shape of limit state zone is elliptical. The presents of fluids in the rockswill magnify the size of limit state zone. The assessment of probability of crack formation during hydro fracturing of borehole due to significant fluid and mud pressure is done.

Key words: lightweight grouting mortar, vermiculite, well cementing.

Selection of vermiculite-containing mixture based on cement brands PCT-I-G-CC-1 and PCT-1-100 were conducted in the framework of this research. This mixture provides lower density of grouting mortar while other parameters are provided in accordance with GOST 1581-96 "Grouting portland cement. Standard". Performance capabilities of grouting mortar were studied before and after polymeric reagents adding.

Key words: well casing, cement stone, cumulative perforation, perforating channel, casing perforation, cracks formation, adhesion.

The basis of the effective completion of the production wells is the creation of reliable casing, the retention of the drainage characteristics of the near-wellbore zone of productive stratum, averting the overflows of fluids between the interlayers of productive stratum, the retention of cement stone from the cracking in the intervals of perforation. An increase in the permeability of the near-wellbore zone and the stratum structure around the perforating channels in many respects determine the production wells rate. At that the integrity and the reliability of the cement stone after perforation action has not smaller effect on the quality of the obtained production. The results of the experimental studies of the perforation action on the models casing string - cement stone - rock are given.

Key words: porous media, non-Newtonian fluid, two-phase flow, modeling.

The model of waterflooding of three-layer oil reservoir saturated with oil having non-Newtonian properties is presented. The paper deals with numerical model of oil displacement by water with the law of movement of oil fr om the limiting gradient shift. It is modeled a flow of non-Newtonian fluid in a porous medium in variables ‘velocity – saturation’. There is a comparison with a case when a limiting gradient of oil shear is neglected. It is shown that the final oil recovery factor will be thus essentially predatory.

Key words: carbonate rock, residual water saturation, semipermeable membrane method, centrifugation method, pore volume, centrifuge.

Petrophysic laboratory methods were developed several decades ago. Up-to-date micro-level investigations have shown that methods of rocks residual water saturation measuring are first not enough theoretically founded, secondly in need of advances for accuracy enhancement. In this article a new samples centrifugation method is proposed for residual water saturation measuring. The method is founded on changing of sample position relative to centrifugal force direction during centrifugation. This allows to displace free water out of complicated configuration pores and as a result to raise residual water saturation measuring accuracy significantly.

Key words: porous medium, capillary pressure, hydrodynamic pressure, inhomogenity, oil saturated collector

The paper presents results of research on the optimization of water flooding method by successive periodic increase in hydrodynamic pressure to extract capillary clamped oil. Method provides a consistent accounting, as the displacement conditions and filtration characteristics of fluid-saturated reservoirs. Estimating calculations allow to determine the duration and phasing control of injection pressure as the conditions for achieving the expected in oil recovery increasing.

Key words: adsorption, surfactant, atomic force microscopy.

The purpose of the experimental study is to estimate the thickness of the adsorbed surfactant layer on substrates of different mineral composition using AFM. Two series of experimental studies were set to study the adsorption of surfactant using AFM: 1) formation of surfactant aggregates due to adsorption from solution on a clean substrate, and 2) creating a residual oil layer on a substrate and washing it off using a surfactant. The substrates were selected: natural core and also mica and glass, as they are part of the real oil-bearing core. Both series used the same surfactant in two different concentrations (0.7 and 2.1%). For determination the thickness of the complex constructed adsorbed layer, filled with uniform and non-uniform layers of surfactant molecules a new technique was developed. The essence of this technique is a "scratching" the adsorption layer with subsequent extraction of sectional profile of obtained scan.

Key words: low temperature oxidation, high temperature oxidation, thermal gas treatment, drained and non-drained rock, kerogen, activation energy, Bazhenov shale.

The involvement of the nontraditional hydrocarbons reserves in the development becomes recently ever more actual. The strata of Bazhenovskaya suite are characterized by low permeability and porosity, a large quantity of organic matter consisting of the kerogen and the light oil is contained in the stratum rocks. As a result of the strata rocks thermal treatment their general voidage increases, and the undrainable zones are converted into drainable ones, forming in this case the additional inflow of oil. The kinetics of the oxidation of the kerogen-containing rocks is studied experimentally in VNIIneft OAO on the differential scanning calorimeter of high pressure HP DSC1 for the realization of the method of thermal gas treatment of Bazhenovskaya suite rocks. The obtained results show that in the low-temperature range of the oxidation Bazhenov suite rocks have the close values of the activation energies of oil and drainage rocks. This causes subsequently their joint involvement in the oxidation processes.

Key words: SAGD, heavy oil, steam chamber, horizontal well, oil rate, analytical model.

In this paper the analytical model to predict the performance of steam-assisted gravity drainage is developed. The model is validated on the experimental data of physical model of the SAGD process. Theoretical oil rate prediction at the steam-assisted gravity drainage for conditions of heavy oil reservoir on the Ashalchinskoye field is presented.

Key words: residual oil saturation, displacement efficiency, oil viscosity, permeability, porosity, initial oil saturation.

The laboratory data on the residual oil saturation and efficiency of waterflood high-viscosity oil displacement from the А₄ layer of Bashkirian stage by the fields of the Samara and Ulyanovsk regions are generalized. The rectified correlation dependences of residual oil saturation and waterflood oil displacement efficiency on the reservoir rock permeability and mobility are proposed on the basis of the analysis of laboratory data and values, accepted in the works on the calculation of the oil and gas reserves and the design documents.

Key words: reservoir, effective pressure, deformations, core sample, the development of deposits.

According to the results of analysis of main geodynamic parameters (rock, breakdown, formation pressures, oil and fluid production rates) were calculated the compensation factors of rock pressure, deformation loss, productive capacity for over 23 oil fields, 29 accumulations and more than 600 oil wells in Rechitsko-Vishanskaya area of Pripyat foredeep. The classification of accumulations by stress - strain state was developed for the whole period of well operation. Constant monitoring of changes in stress - strain state of complex structure reservoirs during drilling process, testing, deployment, developing and production of oil will allow us to manage these processes in a timely manner and increase oil recovery.

Key words: Priobskoye field, horizontal wells, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, a new technology, low-permeability reservoirs, the multiplicity of growth of oil production.

Horizontal drilling combined with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is increasingly used in Western Siberia. Focused primarily on the development of stranded oil, these technologies are actively implemented on the Priobskoye field. The authors present the first results of the application of horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing indicate the high potential of these technologies and their future prospects on the Priobskoye field.

Key words: shelf, stress, ground, wave, oscillations, marine structures, pile foundations.

It is established that the wave strikes, acting on pile foundations, interact with the surface design of offshore structures and offshore ground bases. Here bored or CFA piles with a rigid core are the connecting link between the subsoil and top design of offshore structures. Sea wave banging pile foundations creates vibrations in the pile – foundation - topsides offshore structures and moving piles in subgrade. Displacement piles depend on the strength of the reaction between the structure and subgrade, the intensity of the shock wave in the time that passed through piles for offshore soil. At the same time takes into account the rheological properties of composite models of shelf soil. Formulated and solved the differential equations of time travel collaborative structures with a soil base.

Key words: automatic group measuring unit, multiposition flow switch, individual flow switch, leakage monitoring.

Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the group measuring units’ development, specialists of Uralenergoprom LLC has developed a unit with individual switches of the wells product flow for measuring. The refusal of the group multiposition switches (GMS) and the transition to individual switch system are driven by the need to increase the measurement accuracy, which is impossible for the GMS due to construction features. Another advantage of the individual switch system is scalability of the measuring units on depend of the changed number of wells at the pad.

Key words: oil-and-gas wells, scales, phosphonic complexon, crystallization, scale inhibitor.

There are given the results of studies of phosphonic complexons influence on deposition of salts from aqueous solutions comprising deposit generating ions. The possibility of their application as inhibitors of poorly soluble salts crystallization is evaluated. It is established that application of polymer additives together with phosphonic complexons increases the efficiency of scale inhibition. The prospects of chemical scale prevention methods are shown.

Key words: acid composition, acid stimulation, additives to acid.

Improving the effectiveness of acid treatment of wells is an important task. One of the trends in this area is the use of selected high quality acid compositions. The main types of additives for preparing acid compositions are demulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, dispersant, stabilizer iron and mutual solvent. Varying concentrations and ratios of reactants can adjust the properties of the acid composition. The dependence of the contact angle and interfacial tension of the content demulsifier compatibility acid composition of the oil on the concentration of iron and the presence of the stabilizer, and studied the changes of reservoir properties rocks exposed on the core material acid composition based additives ITPS. The methodology of testing acid composition in relation to the given conditions is suggested.

Key words: electric centrifugal pump unit, batch scheme of assembly, solid inclusions, mechanized oil production, wear resistance, low-yield stock, unification.

Development and comissioning of immersion oil-production equipment with the increased resistance to the action of abrasive particles, whose construction is maximally standardized with the series oil production equipment, used in Surgutneftegas OJSC, are considered. The developed construction at present passes the procedure of obtaining patent on useful model. The electric centrifugal pumps, manufactured on the developed project, are applied in industry at the fields of Surgutneftegas OJSC. Their time to failure according to the results on November 2014 is by 22- 24% higher than mean time to failure of series equipment, and for the wells, complicated by the increased quantity of solid particles in the formation fluid, an increase in the operating time exceeds 100%.

Key words: petroleum gas, three-dimensional numerical model, the workflow, the combustion chamber.

The authors show a need to develop a special multi-zone combustion chamber, intended for the disposal of petroleum gas and other man-made gases. For parameter optimization of steady-state combustion wet, heterogeneous in composition and tabulation petroleum gas developed three-dimensional numerical model which allows to predict the distribution of parameters in terms of combustion chamber at various circuits of the supply of air and fuel gas in the preliminary design phase. To verify the model, we performed a series of experimental studies of the working process in the combustion zone multi-zone camera. The maximum difference between the calculated and experimental data on the temperature amounted to 0,9 %, which indicates the functionality of the proposed model.

Key words: transient process, high pressure wave, the damping coefficient of the pressure wave, an abrupt increase in pressure.

There is made a mathematical modeling of unsteady hydrodynamic processes in pipelines using the software package OLGA7. There are made the laws of pressure change in the main oil pipeline during transitional processes caused by cessations of pumping units. There are offered analytical dependences for the damping coefficient of the pressure wave in the pipeline for the cases of cessation of one, two and three sequentially operating pumps in a pumping station. Comparison of simulation results of pressure on the proposed formulas with the data of industrial experiments indicates the reliability of dependencies and their possible use for predicting the parameters of transients in oil pipelines.

Key words: analysis of accidents, causes of accident, vertical steel tank, foundation subsidence.

Today vertical steel tanks remain one of the most dangerous industrial objects. The subject of research in this article has been accidents of tanks and the objective is identifying the dominant causes of the destruction of tanks on the basis of statistical data. Differential settlement of tanks presents special interest to the authors, because it is one of the main causes of the destruction of tanks. This is compounded by the fact that today insufficient attention is given to systematic geodetic inspection of tanks. The authors prove the relevance and the need to develop technique of monitoring of the spatial position of the tank.