Development of technical and technological solutions for cleaning water areas from oil spills

An overview of the current state of methods for cleaning the water surface from oil spill is given. The problem and the existing ways of its solution are formulated. Based on the experimental studies of the operation of jet devices and on the previous scientific and practical experience of the authors, this method of mechanical cleaning the water surface and bottom sediments using the ejection effect is proposed. Two designs of a float jet apparatus were developed, in one an ejection is created directly by the flow of liquid flowing from the working nozzle of the pump, and in the second, a vacuum is created by a jet water-air apparatus located at a distance. In both cases, a float is provided to regulate the depth of immersion of the device on the water surface. A device for bottom ejection of the fuel oil deposited on the bottom was developed. This jet device differs from conventional bottom-bottom pumping systems by the design of the suction cavity, which is a comb at the entrance of which vortices are formed, stirring up the bottom sediment. In addition, a confusor version of the jet pump is used, which is more efficient with a high soil content in the pumped mixture. A design estimate of the performance of the devices during the ejection of hydrocarbon liquid from the sea surface and the bottom removal of heavy hydrocarbons was calculated.

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