The review is devoted to the problem of disposal of oil pollution in marine waters by means of microorganisms. There are two main approaches to bioremediation of oil-contaminated waters: biostimulation of indigenous microbiota by introducing mineral or organic components in sufficient concentration and bioaugmentation - additional introduction of microorganisms in various forms, in particular, the use of biopreparations that effectively dispose hydrocarbons, moreover, a combination of these methods is possible. Particular attention is paid to the technological form of microbial preparations as one of the most important factors influencing the success of bioremediation: currently available forms of preparations require optimisation in order to increase their efficiency - it is important to provide the possibility of introducing microorganisms directly into hydrocarbon-contaminated water areas. Some currently available versions of preparations, their advantages and limitations of application, results of studies on evaluation of microorganisms efficiency for hydrocarbon disposal are considered. The need for potential expansion of the range of biopreparations is discussed, including their use in specific conditions, for example, in the Arctic seas characterised by low average annual temperatures. Despite the difficult conditions under which hydrocarbon biodegradation takes place, there is currently a wealth of data on microorganisms suitable for use in such biopreparations.
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