The article presents the result of geological interpretation of the lineaments system of planetary directions in Western Kazakhstan and establishes their connection with oil and gas potential. Brief information about the history of the study of a regular (regmatic) network of lineaments (planetary fracturing, megafracturing) and the objections of opponents to the existence of such a network are given. The importance of studying a regular network of lineaments is due to the fact that they are zones of increased permeability, which, obviously, is important for predicting oil and gas potential and identifying areas for the development of fractured reservoirs. Revealing the characteristics of a regular network makes it possible to predict these zones even in cases where their fragments cannot be deciphered.
The paper discusses objections to the disjunctive nature of lineaments and shows that the non-reproducibility of lineament interpretation schemes and their unreliability can be overcome by following certain rules when conducting geological interpretation. The article discusses the issues of reproducibility of the results of geological interpretation of lineaments on satellite images and provides recommendations for obtaining reproducible results. The methodology and source materials of the work are described, and the results of image interpretation using the LESSA program are presented.
The images were interpreted at two scale levels - 1:10 000 000 and 1:25 000. The territory of Western Kazakhstan was studied using Landsat 5, 7 and 8 images (monochrome and synthesized images were used).
On the images of the Caspian Sea and the Turan Plate at a scale of 1:10 000 000, a system of lineament bundles of planetary directions with regular distances between unidirectional lineaments is established. It has been established that the main oil fields are located at the intersections of the beams of the latitudinal and northeastern directions.
In more detail (on a scale of 1:25,000), the node of the intersection of lineaments of all directions is reviewed, located at the confluence of the rivers Emba and Temir. Lineament bundles of planetary directions are also distinguished here, but with smaller distances between unidirectional bundles. Known deposits - Kenkiyak, Zhanazhol, Ambekmola fall into the nodes of their intersections.
As a result, the geometric characteristics of the network of lineaments and the geometric confinement of large deposits to the nodes of their intersections were revealed.
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