The article discusses the history and prospects for the development of the oil and gas industry in the face of increasing environmental protection requirements, on the one hand, and growing political and economic pressure, on the other. It is noted that the availability of energy resources is one of the most important problems in the development of modern mankind, and at present, the widespread use of hydrocarbon raw materials allows solving the corresponding problems. A brief review of current narratives of the hydrocarbons resources and reserves is made. It is shown that the forecasts of their depletion or a significant reduction in the production potential are not confirmed. Thus, in the near future, the fuel and energy complex will be able to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy resources. At the same time, the increased attention of the world community to the problems of global climate change imposes a number of significant restrictions on the development of the oil and gas industry. The main issues and trends of the modern climate agenda, existing and proposed ways to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gases are analyzed. A general assessment of various alternative energy sources and prospects for their development is given. Much attention is paid to the discussion of the political and economic components of the problems under consideration. Based on a comprehensive and in-depth analysis, a number of conclusions were made about the possible consequences of the signing of the so-called Paris Agreement for the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation. It is recommended to carry out studies to determine the volumes of various emissions (fluids and chemical agents) with their differentiation by class and tracking their further life cycle in order to achieve a balance between the release to the earth's surface and the utilization of hydrocarbons and carbon in various regions of the country. To conduct the necessary research, special polygons should be built. It was especially noted that it is required to develop a new paradigm for the development of the oil and gas complex of Russia, taking into account all the aspects considered in the article.
References
1. Muslimov R.Kh., Osobennosti razvedki i razrabotki neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy v usloviyakh rynochnoy ekonomiki (Features of the exploration and development of oil fields in a market economy. Tutorial), Kazan': FEN Publ., 2009, 727 p.
2. Bocharov V.A., Mirovaya dobycha nefti: istoriya, sovremennoe sostoyanie i prognoz (World oil production: history, current state and forecast), Moscow: Publ. of VNIIOENG, 2010, 372 p.
3. Muslimov R.Kh., Opyt Respubliki Tatarstan po ratsional'nomu ispol'zovaniyu neftyanykh bogatstv nedr (byloe i dumy o budushchem razvitii) (The experience of the Republic of Tatarstan in the rational use of oil resources of the subsoil (the past and thoughts about the future development)), Kazan': FEN Publ., 2021.
4. Estulin D., The true story of the Bilderberg Group, 2007.
5. Terent'ev D., Apocalypse never. Why the doctrine of global warming is no longer trusted (In Russ.), Argumenty nedeli, 2021, no. 19(763), pp. 8-9.
6. Barenbaum A.A., Neftegazonosnost' nedr: endogennye i ekzogennye faktory (Oil and gas potential of the subsoil: Endogenous and exogenous factors): thesis of doctor of geological and mineralogical science, Moscow, 2007.
7. Chuprin V., Klimaticheskiy shok: v shage ot “traektorii smerti”. Interv'yu s A. Karnaukhovym (Climate shock: one step away from the “trajectory of death”. Interview with Karnaukhov A.), Moskovskiy komsomolets, 28th July, 2021.
8. Rostovskiy M., Novak otvetil za tseny na benzin. Interv'yu (Novak answered for gasoline prices. Interview), Moskovskiy komsomolets, 18th May, 2021.
9. Nikolaev R., Unesennye vetrom. Miru nuzhen razumnyy energeticheskiy balans i nadezhnye vidy topliva – gaz i ugol' (Gone with the wind. The world needs a reasonable energy balance and reliable fuels - gas and coal), Moskovskiy komsomolets, 16th September, 2021.
10. Delyagin M., Chistye protiv chumazykh (Clean vs dirty), Argumenty nedeli, № 29 (779), 2021.
11. Kontorovich A.E., Global problems of oil and gas and a new paradigm for the development of the Russian oil and gas complex (In Russ.), Nauka iz pervykh ruk, no. 1, 2016, pp. 6–17.
12. Muslimov R.Kh., About the new paradigm of academician A.E. Kontorovich - development of the Russian oil and gas complex based on the experience of Tatarstan on the rational development of hydrocarbon resources (In Russ.), Burenie i neft', 2020, no. 9, pp. 6–15.
