The article describes the current state of oil production, its problems and difficulties. The degree of influence of "heavy" oil which has fundamentally different physical and chemical properties on the environment is determined. The process of oil distillation, its fractional composition and field of application of distillate products is considered. A typical scheme for the installation of fractional distillation of oil is given. Different methods of crude oil transportation are given. The parameters of liquid cargoes, which must be monitored during loading and unloading operations and warehouse operations, are listed. This paper contains requirements of international safety guidelines for oil tankers and terminals (ISGOTT) for crude oil, providing safe conditions for transshipment operations, such as true vapor pressure (TVP) and Reid vapor pressure (RVP). Requirements to the quality of commercial oil and the rules for estimating the cost of crude oil are given. The procedure for determining the price of OPEC oil basket is shown. The influence of oil transportation method and the amount of pollutants in crude oil at its initial market price is considered. There are the limit values of content of pollutants, reducing the price of a oil barrel. Methods of cleaning and disposal of bottom water are described. Typical technological schemes of sand removal from the bottom water are given.
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