Key words: heavy oils, Lower Permian, deep fault, oil potential, Volga-Ural oil and gas province.

Heavy oils of Lower Permian system in Volga-Ural oil and gas province is one of the perspective sources of hydrocarbon resources replacement. Permian oil-gas plays are underexplored. For partially problem solving was defined paleodepressions in east part of Volga-Ural oil and gas province, in which Lower Permian natural reservoirs were formed. Also in this article: the features of Lower Permian complexes were marked and their reservoir properties were characterized; the main types of oil and gas trap were review and their link with deep fault was noted; perspective and high perspective areas of placing Lower Permian heavy oil pays were delineated.

References

1. Afanas'ev V.S., Egorova N.P., Studenko N.S., Trudy instituta BashNIPIneft', 1988, V. 77, pp. 50-58.

2. Bol'shakov Yu.Ya., Geologiya nefti i gaza - The journal Oil and Gas Geology, 1976, no. 5.

3. Geologiya i osvoenie zalezhey prirodnykh bitumov Respubliki Tatarstan (Geology and exploration of natural bitumen deposits of the Republic of Tatarstan), Kazan': Fen Publ., 2007, 295 p.

4. Egorova N.P., Studenko N.S., Usloviya zaleganiya i zakonomernosti razmeshcheniya bitumov, vyazkikh i vysokovyazkikh neftey na territorii Bashkirskoy ASSR. Prirodnye bitumy – dopolnitel'nyy istochnik uglevodorodnogo syr'ya (Terms of bedding and arrangement controls of bitumen, viscous and highly viscous oil in the Bashkir ASSR. Natural bitumen - an additional source of hydrocarbons), Trudy instituta IgiRGI, 1984, pp. 34-40.

5. Lozin E.V. Tektonika i neftenosnost' platformennogo Bashkortostana (Tectonics and oil-bearing platform of Bashkortostan), Moscow: VNIIOENG Publ., 1994, 138 p.

6. Masagutov R.Kh., Izvestiya Akademii nauk Kazakhskoy SSR. Seriya geologicheskaya, 1989, no. 2, pp. 21-26.

7. Masagutov R.Kh. Naftidy nizhnepermskikh otlozheniy platformennogo Bashkortostana. Vysokovyazkie nefti, prirodnye bitumy i ostatochnye nefti razrabatyvaemykh mestorozhdeniy (Naphthides Lower Permian sediments of the platform of Bashkortostan. Heavy oil, natural bitumen and the residual oil producing fields), Scientific-practical conference of VI International specialized exhibition „Neft', gaz – 99“, V. 2, Kazan': Ekotsentr, 1999, pp. 140-147.

8. Utoplennikov V.K., Samigullin Kh.K., Antonov K.V., et al., Nizhnepermskiy neftegazonosnyy kompleks platformennoy chasti yugo-zapada Bashkortostana (Lower Permian oil and gas complex of the platform part of the south-west of Bashkortostan), Moscow: Publ. of Akademii gornykh nauk, 2000, 271 p.

9. Iskhakov I.A., Lozin E.V., Masagutov R.Kh., et al., Problemy podgotovki ob"ektov i vyyavleniya melkikh mestorozhdeniy nefti v usloviyakh vysokoy stepeni izuchennosti territoriy (Problems of objects preparation and the identification of small oil fields in a high degree of study areas), Regional scientific-practical conference in Izhevsk, Izhevsk, 2002, pp. 70-73.

10. Khisamov R.S., Shargorodskiy I.E., Gatiyatullin N.S., Neftebitumonosnost' permskikh otlozheniy Yuzhno-Tatarskogo svoda i Melekesskoy vpadiny (Oil-and-bitumen-bearing Permian sediments of the South Tatar arch and Basin Melekessky), Kazan': Fen Publ., 2009, 431 p.

11. Khisamov R.S., Voytovich S.E., Shargorodskiy I.E., et al., Geologiya nefti i gaza - The journal Oil and Gas Geology, 2012, no. 1.

Key words: pre-Jurassic rocks, Western Siberia, geodynamic environment, oil and gas content

To study the pre-Jurassic basement the systemic scientific-research and pilot projects were carried out at Rogozhnikovskoye field. Reasonable classification of rocks is executed, petro-types, most of which are reservoirs with different oil saturation, are selected. Initial conception about the pre-Jurassic basement of Rogozhnikovskoye license site is substantially changed. A substantial body of information, indicating the formation of volcanogenic complex in conditions of the continental margin, is accumulated.

References

1. Korovina T.A., Kropotova E.P., Braduchan Yu.V., Voprosy geologii, bureniya, i razrabotki neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy Surgutskogo regiona, 2009, V. 10, pp. 100-108.

2. Chirkov V.L., Gorbunov I.N., Shadrina S.V., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2011, no. 4, pp. 41-45

3. Korovina, T.A., Kropotova E.P., Geokhronologiya i geodinamika formirovaniya promezhutochnogo kompleksa po dannym izotopnykh issledovaniy (Geochronology and geodynamics of the formation of an intermediate complex according to the isotope analysis), XIV Scientific-practical conference “Puti realizatsii neftegazovogo i rudnogo potentsiala KhMAO – Yugry”, 2010, V. 1, pp. 246-250.

Key words: monitoring, reservoir prediction, reservoir, seismic facies analysis, efficiency

In this article, the authors are looking at the detailed analysis of reservoir prediction and reservoir thickness estimation using seismic data tied to pilot wells. This analysis has been performed during case studies of two reservoirs of the southern part of Priobskoye oil field. The workflow runs from general subsurface exploration all the way to detailed characterization. Two main approaches used in this study are: seismic facies analysis and 2D dynamic (petro-acoustic) modeling. This technology is commercialized in Paradigm’s Stratimagic & Nexmodel software modules.

References

1. Monastyreva N.A., Filippovich Yu.V., Vestnik nedropol'zovatelya Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga, 2003, no. 11.

2. Oleynik E.V., Plavnik G.I., Vestnik nedropol'zovatelya Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga, 2007, no. 17.

3. Ovechkina V.Yu., Zyryanov S.A., Filippovich Yu.V., Baryshnikov A.V., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2009, no. 12, pp. 19-21.

Keywords: carbonate rock core and geophysical well logging, lithology, facies.

For the analysis of carbonate sediments is used biolitmostratigraphic technique. Starting materials for the study were the core data and the logging data. The established relationship between the cycles of sedimentation and the development of the fauna show the unity of the reasons that affect the character of sedimentation.

References

1. Shcherbakova M.V., Shcherbakov O.A., Kitaev P.M. et al., Opornye razrezy paleozoya Visherskogo Urala (Key sections of Urals Vishera Paleozoic), Part I: Wells, Perm': Publ. of PSTU, 2002, 161 p.

2. Karogodin Yu.N., Regional'naya stratigrafiya (sistemnyy aspekt) (The regional stratigraphy (System aspects)), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1985, 179 p.

3. Karogodin Yu.N. Vvedenie v neftyanuyu litmlogiyu (Introduction to oil lithmology), Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1990, 240 p.

4. Shcherbakov O.A., Zakonomernosti prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya osadkov v kamennougol'nykh moryakh Zapadnogo Urala (Regularities of spatial distribution of precipitation in the Carboniferous seas of the Western Urals), The collection: Geologiya i geofizika neftegazonosnykh oblastey (Geology and geophysics of oil and gas areas), Ufa, 1982, pp. 83-92.

5. Kochneva O.E., O svyazi produktivnykh plastov bashkirskogo yarusa s elementarnymi tsiklitami v Permskom Prikam'e (On the relationship between productive layers of the Bashkir stage with elementary cyclothems in Kama in Perm), The collection: Litologiya i neftegazonosnost' karbonatnykh otlozheniy (Lithology and oil-and-gas content of carbonate sediments), Syktyvkar, 2001, pp. 35-36.

6. Koskov V.N., Koskov B.V., Geofizicheskie issledovaniya skvazhin i interpretatsiya dannykh GIS (Well logging and interpretation of geophysical logging data), Publ. of PSTU, 2007, 317 p.

7. Shcherbakov O.A., Shcherbakova M.V., Kochneva O.E., Geologiya. Izvestiya Otdeleniya nauk o Zemle i prirodnykh resursov AN RB, 1997, no. 1, pp. 48-58.

8. Reshenie Mezhvedomstvennogo regional'nogo stratigraficheskogo soveshchaniya po srednemu i verkhnemu paleozoyu Russkoy platformy (Leningrad, 1988) s regional'nymi stratigraficheskimi skhemami (The decision of the Interagency regional stratigraphic meeting on the middle and upper Paleozoic of the Russian Platform (Leningrad, 1988) with the regional stratigraphic schemes), Leningrad: VSEGEI Publ., 1990, 90 p.

9. Shestakova M.F., Bashkirskie otlozheniya basseyna reki Chusovoy v rayone pos. Staroutkinska (Bashkirian deposits of Chusovaya river basin near the village Staroutkinsk), The collection: Opornye razrezy karbona Urala (Key sections of Carboniferous of the Urals), Sverdlovsk: Publ. of UNTs AN SSSR, 1979, pp. 41-47.

10. Efimov A.A., Kochneva O.E., Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2010, no. 12, pp. 16 –18.

Key words: initial oil-and-gas saturation, current oil-and-gas saturation, well survey complex, pulsed neutron logging, oxygen neutron-activation logging.

Estimation reservoir current oil-and-gas saturation parameter is an important task at the development of oil and gas fields. It is performed on the basis of additional geophysical surveys in cased observation and production wells. In the article the requirements for the planning of such measurements are formulated, ways of improving the accuracy of determination of the information geophysical parameters and methodology of reservoir current oil-and-gas saturation assessment are described, the examples of solving problems in different geological and technical conditions are given.

References

1. Urmanov E.G. Spektrometricheskiy gamma-karotazh neftegazovykh skvazhin (Gamma ray spectrometry of oil and gas wells), 2nd edition, Moscow: Publ. of VNIIgeosistem, 2010, 162 p.

2. Kozhevnikov D.A., Kovalenko K.V., Karotazhnik, 2007, V. 1 (154), pp. 64-77.

3. Malev A.N., Babkin I.V., Karotazhnik, 2007, V. 9 (162), pp. 153-167.

4. Tseytlin V.G., Urmanov E.G., Prilipukhov V.I., Karotazhnik, 1997, V. 30, pp. 106-111.

5. Polyachenko A.L., Polyachenko L.B., Sovremennoe razvitie impul'snogo neytronnogo karotazha (Modern development of pulsed neutron logging), Reports of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference “Yaderno-geofizicheskie metody v komplekse GIS pri kontrole razrabotki neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya”, 29.06 -01.07.2010, Bugul'ma.

6. Bubeev A.A., Velizhanin V.A., Zemskov V.A., Tereshina O.M., Karotazhnik, 2006, V. 2-4.

7. Urmanov E.G., Prilipukhov V.I., Izobreteniya i ratspredlozheniya v neftegazovoy promyshlennosti, 2004, no. 4, pp. 4-9.

8. Bogolyubov E.P., Miller V.V., Kadisov E.M., et al., Ryad apparaturno-metodicheskikh kompleksov MARKA dlya issledovaniya razrezov neftegazovykh skvazhin gamma-spektrometricheskimi modifikatsiyami GK, NGK i INGK (A number of hardware-methodical complexes for the study MARK cuts oil and gas wells gamma-spectrometric modifications of gamma, neutron-gamma logging, and pulsed neutron gamma logging), International Scientific Conference “Portativnye generatory neytronov i tekhnologii na ikh osnove”, Moscow, VNIIA im. N.L. Dukhova, 18-22.10.2004.

9. Pat. RF 2232409. Sposob opredeleniya tekushchey nefte- i gazonasyshchennosti kollektorov v obsazhennykh skvazhinakh i ustroystvo dlya ego osushchestvleniya (The method for determining the current oil and gas saturation in the reservoir cased wells and device for its implementation), authors: Urmanov E.G., Shkadin M.V., MPK7 E21b 47/00 (G01v 5/00).

Key words: oil forecast, regional and zonal criteria, Perm Region, probabilistic and statistical methods, the degree of scrutiny.

In this paper, using statistical analysis within the unit cells investigated the influence of regional oil and gas, geological and geophysical knowledge on the density distribution of hydrocarbon deposits within major tectonic elements of the Perm Region. Regionally, oil and gas forecast is based on an analysis of the generation, migration and accumulation processes in the sedimentary cover. Complex criteria has allowed to build a regression model, the zonal-regional oil and gas forecast for the comprehensive criteria for each tectonic element. This helped to clarify areas for further exploration of oil and gas. Found that the highly promising cell, mainly located in the south of the Perm Region.

References

1. Barskiy M.G., Konoplev A.V., Khronusov V.V., Krivoshchekov S.N., Geologiya, geofizikairazrabotkaneftyanykhigazovykhmestorozhdeniy, 2008, no. 8, pp. 17-20.

2. Belokon' T.V., Galkin V.I., Kozlova I.A., Bashkova S.E., Geologiya, geofizikairazrabotkaneftyanykhigazovykhmestorozhdeniy, 2005, no. 9-10, pp. 24-28.

3. Voevodkin V.L., Galkin V.I., Kozlova I.A., Krivoshchekov S.N., Kozlov A.S., Geologiya, geofizikairazrabotkaneftyanykhigazovykhmestorozhdeniy, 2010, no. 12, pp. 6-11.

4. Galkin V.I., Kozlova I.A., Galkin S.V., Rastegaev A.V., Melkomukov V.V., Geologiya, geofizikairazrabotkaneftyanykhigazovykhmestorozhdeniy, 2007, no. 10, pp. 8-11.

5. Galkin V.I., Kozlova I.A., Krivoshchekov S.N., Pyatunina E.V., Pestova S.N., Geologiya, geofizikairazrabotkaneftyanykhigazovykhmestorozhdeniy, 2007, no. 10, pp. 22-27.

6. Galkin V.I., Kozlova I.A., Rastegaev A.V., Nauka proizvodstvu, 2006, no. 1, pp. 73-77.

7. Galkin V.I., Krivoshchekov S.N., Nauchnye issledovaniya i innovatsii, 2009, V. 3, no. 4, pp. 3-7.

8. Galkin V.I., Rastegaev A.V., Galkin S.V., Voevodkin V.L., Nauka proizvodstvu, 2006, no. 1, pp. 1-5.

9. Galkin S.V., Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Neft' i gaz", 2004, no. 5, pp. 14-21.

10. Galkin S.V., Kozlova I.A., Galkin V.I. Et al., Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2002, no. 11, pp. 9-13.

11. Krivoshchekov S.N., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2011, no. 10, pp. 10-14.

12. Krivoshchekov S.N., Galkin V.I., Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2008, no. 8, pp. 20-23.

Key words: space image, lineament, fracture density, tectonics, geodynamics, zone.

This paper describes aerospace geologic and neotectonic surveys which are used to identify the dominating fractures direction, various fracture density zones and areas of present-day anticline and syncline structures formation in order to specify subsurface geology and to identify prospect areas for drilling operations.

References

1. Mingazov M.N. Otsenka perspektiv neftenosnosti osadochnoy tolshchi Tatarstana na osnove neotektonicheskikh issledovaniy (Estimation of prospects of oil-bearing sedimentary rocks of Tatarstan on the basis of neotectonic researches), Moscow: VNIIOENG Publ., 2005, 160 p.

Key words: ERD wells, geosteering, maximizing reservoir contact, LWD.

Rosneft Well placement center have accumulated experience of utilizing different LWD tools during horizontal drilling. In this paper two main advanced geosteering techniques are described and compared on an example of most challenge ERD well drilled in offshore Odoptu-more field. Reactive and proactive geosteering techniques advantages and limitations are pointed. Importance of pre job analysis and collaboration in multidisciplinary team are also shown. Case study results and conclusions can be used by oil and gas companies, since geosteering market increases very fast in Russia.

References

1. Omeragic D., Li Q., Chou L., et al., Deep directional electromagnetic measurements for optimal well placement, SPE 97045.

2. Abdel Nasser Abitrabi B., Ali Rabba, Waleed Amoundi, et al., Implementing the opyimum well placement strategy for horizontal injectors drilled in highly heterogeneous reservoir of Central Saudi Arabia, SPE 120803.

3. Omeragic D., Habashy N., Esmersoy C., et al., Real-time interpretation of formation structure from directional EM measurements, SPWLA 47th Annual Logging Symposium.

Key words: jet pump, ejector, head ratio, flow ratio.

The article considers the main purpose of jet pumps in the construction of oil and gas wells, namely, the increase in ROP. It is noted that the main drawback of the existing ejection systems associated with significant hydraulic losses in the working nozzle jet pump. On the basis of the analysis proposed device is designed for drilling wells, which reduces the load on the mud pumps in use, and also provides an opportunity to work with jetting bits.

References

1. Sazonov Yu.A., Razrabotka ustroystva, snizhayushchego differentsial'noe davlenie na zaboe skvazhiny i povyshayushchego skorost' bureniya (Development of the device, reducing the differential pressure on the bottom hole and increasing the speed of drilling): Thesis of candidate of technical sciences, Moscow, 1989, 176 p.

2. Kamenev P.N., Gidroelevatory v stroitel'stve (Hydraulic elevator in the building), Moscow: Stroyizdat Publ., 1970, 416 p.

3. Kirilovskiy Yu.L., Podvidz L.G., Trudy VIGM, 1960, V. 26, pp. 96-135.

4. Sokolov E.Ya., Zinger N.M., Struynye apparaty (Fluidjet machines), Moscow: Energiya Publ., 1970, 288 p.

5. Bykov I.Yu., Kuk'yan A.A., Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2002, no., pp. 38-40.

6. Glebov V.A., Antonov V.F., Burenie, 1968, no.3, pp. 25-27.

7. Mavlyukov M.R., Skvortsov Yu.P., Logunov V.P., et al., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 1998, no. 5, pp. 39-40.

8. Patent 2020292 RF, MPK5 F04F5/10, Naddolotnyy ezhektornyy nasos (Above-bit ejector pump), autor Evstifeev S.V.

Key words: hydraulic fracturing (HF), proppant specific volume, proppant number, unified fracture design, tip-screenout technology.

The paper discusses the effect of proppant specific volume on hydrofrac efficiency in Tatarstan oil fields. Case studies of hydrofrac planning using the unified fracture design are presented. It has been demonstrated that when deciding between available hydrofrac technologies involving high volumes of proppant preference shall be given to TSO and Frac-Pack technologies.

References

1. Ekonomides M., Olini R., Val'ko P., Unifitsirovannyy dizayn gidrorazryva plasta: ot teorii k praktike (Unified design of hydraulic fracturing: from theory to practice ), Moscow - Izhevsk: Institut komp'yuternykh issledovaniy Publ., 2007, 236 p.

Key words: multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures, phase behavior, non-equilibrium, compositional simulation, upscaling

Results of phase behavior simulations for hydrocarbon mixtures presented in the paper show that scale effect is to be considered while examining non-equilibrium effects observed in laboratory studies (porous media and free volume), as well as indicated by field data. Although observed phase behavior can be simulated at small scale by means of locally equilibrium models with limited interphase mass transfer, a non-equilibrium model is required at larger scales. A method is developed for computation of coexistent hydrocarbon phases’ compositions in flow simulations with non-equilibrium phase transitions. Owing to same notation of flow equations as in conventional equilibrium models, the method is applicable as an extension to currently available algorithms implemented in compositional simulators. A physically meaningful upscaling method is derived to match locally equilibrium small scale calculations of phase behavior by large scale non-equilibrium simulations.

References

1. Brusilovskiy A.I., Fazovye prevrashcheniya pri razrabotke mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza (Phase transformations in the development of oil and gas fields), Moscow: Graal' Publ., 2002, 575 p.

2. Rozenberg M.D., Kundin S.A., Mnogofaznaya mnogokomponentnaya fil'tratsiya pri dobyche nefti i gaza (Multiphase multicomponent filtering during oil and gas extraction), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1976, 335 p.

3. Nghiem L.X., Li Y.K., Agarwal R.K., A Method for modelling incomplete mixing in compositional simulation of unstable displacements, Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, USA, Feb. 6-8, 1989, SPE 18439.

4. Abasov M.T., Abbasov Z.Ya., Fataliev V.M., et al., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2011, no. 2, pp. 97-98.

5. Buleyko V.M., Gazovaya promyshlennost', 2007, no. 1, pp. 22-25.

6. Zakirov S.N., Somov B.E., Gordon V.Ya., Palatnik B.M., Mnogomernaya i mnogokomponentnaya fil'tratsiya (The multidimensional and multicomponent filtration): a handbook, Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1988, 335 p.

7. Lobanova O.A., Indrupskiy I.M., Avtomatizatsiya, telemekhanizatsiya i svyaz' v neftyanoy promyshlennosti, 2010, no. 10, pp. 19-23.

Key words: empirical dependence, trend, permeability, Exell.

Tests on artificial arrays and real petrophysical data shown that the program Exell at the construction of a number of non-linear trends averages the values not the quantities Y themselves, but some of their functions (usually f -1 (Y)). Calculations based on these trends may produce biased estimates of the expectation Y for each X. For example, the trend of exponential dependence of permeability on porosity, constructed in the program Exell, averages not permeability at a given value of porosity, but values of the permeability logarithm. Ways to exclude such deviations are proposed and tested.

References

1. Dieva E.V., Dyad'kin I.G., Ruchkin A.V., Neftegazovaya geologiya i geofizika, 1978, no. 5.

Key words: methodical approach to oilfield development monitoring, oilfield development improvement, oil recovery enhancement.

This paper presented the main results of oilfield development monitoring. Used methodical approach is described. Main problems of oilfields development regulationof are systematizied. The efficiency of the tracking of oil fields development is shown.

References

1. Lyadova N.A., Yakovlev Yu.A., Raspopov A.V., Geologiya i razrabotka neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy Permskogo kraya (Geology and development of oil deposits of Perm region), Moscow: OAO «VNIIOENG» Publ., 2010, 335 p.

2. Raspopov A.V., Kazantsev A.S., Leont'ev D.V., Savel'ev O.Yu., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2009, no. 8, pp. 22-23.

3. Raspopov A.V., Voevodkin V.L., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2009, no. 6, pp. 66-67.

Key words: porous medium, two-phases flow, control volume, chemical reaction constant, function distribution.

In this study, the process of flooding the oil reservoir with acid treatment beds was investigated. To describe the effects of acid on the oil reservoir the ideal model of a porous medium in the form of a bundle of cylindrical capillaries and function of pore size distribution are used. The resulting system of equations is solved by the method of control volumes on a uniform grid.

References

1. Kroui K., Masmonteyl Zh., Tomas R., Neftyanoe obozrenie, 1996, no. 3, pp. 20-30.

2. Bulgakova G.T., Sharifullin A.R., Kharisov R.Ya., et al., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2010, no. 4, pp. 2-6.

3. Smirnov A.S., Fedorov K.M., Shevelev A.P., Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Mekhanika zhidkosti i gaza - Fluid Dynamics, 2010, no. 5, pp. 114–121.

4. Golfier F., Quintard M., Bazin B., Lenormand R., Core-scale description of porous media dissolution during acid injection, Part II, Calculation of the effective properties, Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2006, V. 25, no. 1, pp. 55–78.

5. Apoung J.-B., Have P., Houot J., et al., Reactive transport in porous media, ESAIM: Proc., 2009, V. 28, pp. 227-245.

6. Hoefner M.L., Fogler H.S., Pore evolution and channel formation during flow and reaction in porous media, AIChE Journal, 1988., V. 34, no. 1, pp. 45–54.

7. Golfier F., Bazin B., Lenormand R. and Quintard M., Core-scale description of porous media dissolution during acid injection, Part I, Theoretical development, Computational and Applied Mathematics. 2004, V. 23, no. 2-3, pp. 173–194.

8. Danaev N.T., Kashevarov A.A., Pen'kovskiy V.I., Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika - Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2004, V. 45, no. 3, pp. 111-118.

9. Barenblatt G.I., Entov V.M., Ryzhik V.M., Dvizhenie zhidkostey i gazov v prirodnykh plastakh (The movement of liquids and gases in natural reservoirs), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1984, 207 p.

10. Nikiforov A. I., Anokhin S. V., Matematicheskoe modelirovanie, 2002, V. 14, no. 12, pp. 117-127.

11. Poltavtsev Yu.G., Knyazev A.S., Tekhnologiya obrabotki poverkhnostey v mikroelektronike (Surface treatments in microelectronics), Kiev: Tekhnika Publ., 1990, 243 p.

12. Kheyfets L.I., Neymark A.V., Mnogofaznye protsessy v poristykh sredakh (Multiphase processes in a porous media), Moscow: Khimiya Publ., 1982, 320 p.

13. Fletcher R., Chislennye metody na osnove metoda Galerkina (Numerical methods based on the Galerkin method)., Moscow: Mir Publ., 1988, 352 p.

Key words: field development, reservoir engineering, geological uncertainties, algorithm, field properties

To predict the connectivity or discontinuity of cracks network an algorithm is proposed, which is based on the criteria, using multipoint spatial correlation. To train the algorithm two sets of stochastic realizations of a fractal cracks network are applied: the first set contains super-reservoir in unexplored area of deposit, the second set includes only local highly permeable zones. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is described conceptually.

References

1. Ivannikov V.I., Burenie i neft', 2011, no. 2, pp. 32-36.

2. Ampilov Yu.P., Ot seysmicheskoy interpretatsii k modelirovaniyu i otsenke mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza (From seismic interpretation to the modeling and evaluation of oil and gas fields), Moscow: Spektr Publ., 2008, 384 p.

3. Evstaf'ev I.L., Alkhimov R.G., Golichenko E.Yu., Semenov A.M., Gazovaya promyshlennost', 2011, no. 7, pp. 53-56.

4. Pinus O.V., Borisenok D.V., Bakhir S.Yu., et al., Geologiya nefti i gaza - The journal Oil and Gas Geology, 2006b no. 6, pp. 26 - 31.

5. Klikushin Yu.N., Zhurnal radioelektroniki, 2000, no. 4, URL: http://jre.cplire.ru/koi/apr00/1/text.html.

6. Bezrukov A.V., Rykus M.V., Davletova A.R., Savichev V.I., Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik OAO “NK “Rosneft’”, 2010, no. 8, pp. 42-48.

7. Jin G., Pashin J.C., Discrete fracture network models of the SECARB carbon sequestration test site, Deerlickcreek field, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, 2008, URL: http://gsa.alabama.gov/CO2/

DFNModeler/dfnm_files/0821Guohai.pdf.

8. Zel'dovich Ya.B., Sokolov D.D., Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk – Physics-Uspekhi (Advances in Physical Sciences), 1985, V. 146, no. 3, pp. 493-506.

9. Mandelbrot B.B., Fractals and multifractals: noise, turbulence and galaxies, New York: Springer, 1988, 386 p.

10. Anufriev A., Sokoloff D., Fractal properties of geodynamo models, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 1994, V. 74, no. 1-4, pp. 207-223.

11. Blekhman V., Krenov M., Shmar'yan L., Priezzhev I., Neftegaz.RU, 2009, URL: http://neftegaz.ru/science/view/353.

12. Rabotnov Yu.N., Mekhanika deformiruemogo tverdogo tela (The mechanics of deformable solids), Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1979, 744 p.

Key words: Yaregskoye field, heavy oil, thermal-mining development, development systems, improvement of thermal-mining technology, oil recovery factor.

The experience of thermal-mining development of Yaregskoye field is considered. It is shown that improvement of such a development system allows significantly to reduce heavy oil recovery costs and to bring them to the production level of light oil in the future. It is noted that mining way of oil recovery can be applied at the light oil fields with the exhausted reservoir energy and a low gas-oil ratio.

References

1. Tyun'kin B. A., Konoplev Yu. P., Opyt podzemnoy razrabotki neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy i osnovnye napravleniya razvitiya termoshakhtnogo sposoba dobychi nefti (Experience in underground mining of oil fields and the main directions of thermal-mining oil field development method), Ukhta: Pechornipineft' Publ., 1996, 160 p.

2. Konoplev Yu.P., Buslaev I.F., Yagubov Z.Kh., Tskhadaya N.D., Termoshakhtnaya razrabotka neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy (Thermal-mining oil field development), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 2006, 288 p.

3. Patent 2114289 RF. Sposob razrabotki mestorozhdeniya vysokovyazkoy nefti (Method of developing high viscosity oil fields), autors: Tyun'kin B.A., Bukreev V.M., Grutskiy L.G., Konoplev Yu.P., Pranovich A.A.

4. Patent 2199657 RF. Podzemno-poverkhnostnyy sposob razrabotki mestorozhdeniya vysokovyazkoy nefti (Underground and superficial way to develop high viscosity oil fields), autors: Konoplev Yu.P., Tyun'kin B.A., Grutskiy L.G., Pitirimov V.V., Pranovich A.A.

Key words: methods, calcium carbonate, scaling.

This article describes the method of calculating the stability of the aqueous phase and the tendency to the formation of salt deposits on the inner surface of the pipe system for collecting and fishing reservoir pressure maintenance system.

References

1. Ragulin V.V., Mikhaylov A.G., Voloshin A.I., et al., Interval. Peredovye neftegazovye tekhnologii, 2006, no. 10 (93), pp. 38-46.

2. Ragulin V.V., Voloshin A.I., Mikhaylov A.G., Khlebnikov S.P., Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik OAO „NK „Rosneft'“, 2006, no. 1, pp. 38-41.

3. Voloshin A.I., Ragulin V.V., Tyabayeva N.E., Diakonov I.I., Mackay E.J., Scaling problems in Western Siberia, SPE 80407, SPE 5th International Symposium on oilfield scale, Aberdeen, 2003.

4. Kashchavtsev V.E., Mishchenko I.T. Soleobrazovanie pri dobyche nefti (Salt formation in oil production), Moscow: Orbita-M Publ., 2004, 432 p.

5. Khafizov A.R, et al., Oslozhneniya v neftedobyche (Complications in oil production ): edited by N.G. Ibragimov, E.I. Ishemguzhin, Ufa: OOO “Izdatel'stvo nauchno-tekhnicheskoy literatury „Monografiya“, 2003, 302 p.

Key words: frozen oil, wax oil, the temperature shrinkage, gel pig, start a frozen pipeline.

One of the ways to improve the reliability of start-up of pipeline with frozen paraffin oil is proposed. At pipeline start-up the problems can arise due to oil thermal shrinkage of and formation of voids along the upper generatrix of a pipe that will not allow to effectively implementing the displacement of the frozen oil because of the pushing agent breakthrough in the pipeline. To prevent this and to increase reliability of the of the pipeline start-up it is proposed to use the gel piston, which is applied for pipelines cleaning from paraffin deposits. The results of experiments on start-up of a pipeline with frozen paraffin oil, using a gel piston, are given.

References

1. Degtyarev V.N., Pimenov A.V., Izvestiya SamGTU, 2011, no.3 (31), pp. 208-212

2. Belkin I.M., Vinogradov G.V., Leonov A.I., Rotatsionnye pribory (Rotating devices), Moscow: Mashinostroenie Publ., 1968, 272 p.

3. Degtyarev V.N., Perekachka vysokovyazkikh i zastyvayushchikh neftey (Pumping high viscosity and solidifying oils), Samara: VK-Trans Publ., 2006, 142 p.

4. Tugunov P.I., Novoselov V.F., Korshak A.A., Shammazov A.M., Tipovye raschety pri proektirovanii i ekspluatatsii neftebaz i nefteprovodov (Model calculations for the design and exploitation of oil bases and pipelines), Ufa: DizaynPoligoafServis Publ., 2002, 655 p.

5. SO 06-16-AKTNP-007-2004, Instruktsiya po tekhnologii ochistki polosti magistral'nykh nefteprovodov i vyboru tekhnicheskikh sredstv ochistki (Instructions for cavity cleaning technology and the choice of of main oil pipelines facilities cleaning), Moscow: Publ. of OAO «Transnefteprodukt», 2004, 135 p.

6. Degtyarev V.N., Neftyanoe khozyaystvo – Oil Industry, 2006, no. 11, pp. 12-13.

7. Vinogradov G.V., Malkin A.Ya., Reologiya polimerov (Rheology of polymers), Moscow: Khimiya Publ., 1977, 438 p.

Key words: pipeline, stability, soft ground, shift, tension, calculation program, operation.

The analysis of methods for calculating the strength and overall stability of the underground oil-field pipelines in the longitudinal direction according to working norms is carried out. Ways to improve the accuracy of calculations the overall stability of the piping in conditions of the marshes and other soft soils, as well as technical solutions for underground pipeline laying, maximum excluding appearance of pipeline sections in the non-project situation, are proposed.

References

1. SP 34-116-97, Instruktsiya po proektirovaniyu, stroitel'stvu i rekonstruktsii promyslovykh neftegazoprovodov (Instructions for designing, building and renovation of infield pipeline), Moscow: Publ. of Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, 1998, 135 p.

2. STO Gazprom 2-2.1-383-2009, Normy proektirovaniya promyslovykh truboprovodov (Design standards flowlines), Moscow: Publ. of OAO “Gazprom”, 2009, 132 p.

3. SNiP 2.05.06-85*, Magistral'nye truboprovody (Long-distance pipeline), Moscow: GUP TsPP Publ., 1997, 60 p.

4. STO Gazprom 2-2.1-249-2008, Magistral'nye gazoprovody (Cross-country gas line), Moscow: Publ. of OAO “Gazprom”, 2008, 105 p.

5. Aynbinder A.B., Raschet magistral'nykh i promyslovykh truboprovodov na prochnost' i ustoychivost' (Calculation of the main and field pipelines on the strength and stability ): Guidebook, Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1991, 287 p.

6. Dimov L.A., Bogushevskaya E.M., Magistral'nye truboprovody v usloviyakh bolot i obvodnennoy mestnosti (Pipelines in swamps and flooded areas), Moscow: Gornaya kniga Publ., 2010, 392 p.

Key words: the main pipeline, building control, evaluation of defects.

It was noted that more than 40% of failures of pipelines in the initial period of operation is determined by defects in materials and flaw of construction-and-assembling operations, and improving the quality of construction works and as a consequence, the reliability of main pipelines, is an urgent and important task for the oil and gas industry. It is stated that the most likely source of destruction appearance, are the longitudinal welded seams. It is shown that the failure of pipeline construction, as a rule, is preceded by a period of defects accumulation. Results of the analysis indicate the need for research and development of validated criteria and rates of inspection at acceptance of work subject to mode of pipelines loading, ensuring their safety and reliability on basis of fundamentally new strategy.

Key words: reliability, pipeline, pipeline stress-strain condition parameters, definite element method, nonparametric statistics.

The new approach to estimation of pipelines and pipeline systems lifetime is considered on an example of the jack of temperature deformations. Estimation of reliability based on nonparametric statistics methods applying to pipeline stress-strain condition parameters obtained by finite elements method is proposed. The approach is allowed to determine reliability and lifetime of pipelines with determined probabiliti. The considered algorithm allows to carry out the analysis of prochnostny reliability of the jack under any other service conditions defined by set of pressure and temperature.

References

1. Syzrantsev V.N., Nevelev Ya.P., Golofast S.L., Raschet prochnostnoy nadezhnosti izdeliy na osnove metodov neparametricheskoy statistiki (Calculation of the strength reliability of products based on the methods of nonparametric statistics), Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2008, 218 p.

2. Kapur K.C., Lamberson, L.R., Reliability in Engineering Design, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977.

3. Syzrantsev V.N., Golofast S.L., Truboprovodnyy transport: teoriya i praktika, 2011, no. 5, pp. 14-22.

4. Syzrantseva K.V., Raschet prochnostnoy nadezhnosti detaley mashin pri sluchaynom kharaktere vneshnikh nagruzok (Calculation of the strength reliability of machine parts with a random character of the external loads), Tyumen': Publ. of TyumGNGU, 2011, 88 p.

5. Beloborodov A.V., Syzrantseva K.V., Nerodenko D.G., Neftepromyslovoe delo, 2009, no. 7, pp. 52-56.

6. Syzrantsev V.N., Nerodenko D.G., Vestnik komp'yuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologiy, 2009, no. 6, pp. 14-19.

Key words: legal regulation of oil and gas industry, oil in Brazil,the legislation, stocks of strategic kinds of minerals.

Article is about development of the oil and gas legislation, principles of legal regulation of the oil and gas industry in Brazil, which are important for Brazilian national sovereignty and state security. Also, an article devoted to the adoption of new legislation reinforces the state's role in the oil and gas industry, use and comparison of PSA and concession agreements for exploration and production of oil and gas fields.

References

1. Natsional'noe Agentstvo po nefti, gazu i biotoplivu Brazilii (National Agency for Oil, Gas and Biofuels in Brazil), URL: http://www.anp.gov.br/

2. Konstitutsiya Federativnoy Respubliki Braziliya (The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil), URL: http://www.russobras.ru/

3. Sosna C.A., Pravovoe regulirovanie inostrannykh investitsiy v Rossii (Legal regulation of foreign investment in Russia), Moscow: Publ. of Institut gosudarstva i prava, 2005, 210 p.

4. Vakhtinskaya I.S., Zakonodatel'stvo (The legislation), 2009, no. 8, pp. 4-5.

5. Deystvitel'no li na shel'fe Brazilii – okean nefti (Is Brazil on the shelf - ocean of oil?), URL: http://www.polpred.com/

6. Vasilevskaya D.V., Pravovoe regulirovanie otnosheniy nedropol'zovaniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i zarubezhnykh stranakh (Legal regulation of subsoil use in Russia and foreign countries), Moscow: Nestor Akademik Publ., 2007, 352 p.

Key words: oil, oil shale, oil shale deposit, drilling, fields development.

The problem of finding alternative sources of fuel in the USA and other countries is considered. It is shown that in recent years with the development of new drilling technologies and the improvement of multistage fracturing technology in the long horizontal borehole sections it was made possible cost-effective production of oil from the reservoirs, characterized by low porosity and permeability, primarily from oil shale.

References

1. Zander D., Czehura M., Study evaluations bakken completions, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, 2011, February.

2. Staas P., Drilling for profits: the bakken shale investing dayles, 2011, January 21.

3. Biederman D., Fracing amazing: the story of the eagle ford shale, Center for industrial progress, 2012, March 19.

Key words: remediation, oil pollution, biological activity.

Determination of the total petroleum hydrocarbons content and the integrated microbial indexes of soil was carried out on the territory of oil spill divided on the 27 plots. It was revealed that the area subjected to recultivation determined on the base of chemical data should be extended about two times taking into consideration the biological data. The law biological indexes of the soil require the application of the remediation activities led to the stimulation of indigenous microorganisms for enhancement of hydrocarbons degradation.

References

1. Marfenina O.E. Mikrobiologicheskie aspekty okhrany pochv (Microbiological aspects of soil conservation), Moscow: Moscow State University Publ., 1991, 118 p.

2. Mikroorganizmy i okhrana pochv (Microorganisms and soil conservation) edited by D.G. Zvyagintsev, Moscow: Moscow State University Publ., 1989, 206 p.

3. Kurakov A.V., Il'inskiy V.V., Kotel'tsev S.V., Sadchikov A.P., Bioindikatsiya i reabilitatsiya ekosistem pri neftyanykh zagryazneniyakh (Bioindication and rehabilitation of ecosystems in the oil pollution), Moscow: “Grafikon” Publ., 2006, 336 p.

4. Kireeva N.A., Rafikova G.F., Kuzyakhmetov G.G., Lesovedenie - Russian Forest Sciences, 2009, no. 3, pp. 52-58.

5. Selivanovskaya S.Yu., Galitskaya P.Yu., Biologicheskie metody v otsenke toksichnosti otkhodov i pochv (Biological methods to assess the toxicity of wastes and soils), Kazan': Kazan State University Publ., 2011, 96 p.

6. Zvyagintsev D.G., Guzev V.S., Levin S.V., et al., Pochvovedenie - Eurasian soil science, 1988, no. 1, pp. 72-78.