The article analyzes the chemical composition of reservoir water of oil and gas fields and compares it with the composition of other sources of hydromineral lithium-containing raw materials such as salar brines and geothermal waters. It has been shown that the anion composition of lithium-containing reservoir water is determined by chloride ions, the cation composition by sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions. At the same time, the content of magnesium and calcium, which can lead to problems with the selectivity of lithium release and salt deposition, in contrast to salar brines, can reach quite high values. Promising provinces for extracting lithium from reservoir water of oil and gas fields in the Russian Federation are Central Siberian and South Ural. At the same time, lithium-bearing brines from deposits in the Central Siberian province have an extremely difficult composition for lithium extraction (high concentrations of magnesium and total mineralization), which results in the need to combine several methods for lithium extraction and, probably, refinement of existing technical solutions. Currently, sorption and extraction methods for extracting lithium from hydromineral raw materials have been developed in the Russian Federation. The selectivity of the process of lithium isolation by sorption methods is due to the steric effect; the interaction occurs through the intercalation mechanism. In this regard, one can expect the sensitivity of this method to the content of magnesium in the raw material, which has a similar ionic radius to lithium. In extraction methods, the selectivity of lithium separation is determined to a greater extent by the charge characteristics and chemical nature of the ion, rather than by its size. As a result, these methods are less sensitive to alkaline earth metal content.
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