In recent decades, emulsion drilling and technological fluids, the liquid basis of which is a direct or reverse emulsion of water and hydrocarbon liquid, have been increasingly used in the fields. Despite the importance of the procedure of mechanical dispersion of the emulsion, insufficient attention is paid to this stage of preparation of emulsion solutions in the literature and in commercial practice. Various hydrodynamic devices are used abroad for the preparation of emulsion solutions. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment of the characteristics of foreign equipment for the preparation of emulsion washing liquids is carried out and options for replacing it with domestic samples are considered. It is shown that the hydrodynamic devices of Halliburton, Jagtech, Silverson companies have low efficiency and require the use of high-performance high-pressure pumps. In Russia, the DG-40 dispersant is mass-produced and supplied to all fields. The experimental studies carried out in the work revealed its shortcomings and outlined ways of improvement for the development of new equipment. The authors have developed and tested a rotary pulsating apparatus, an analogue of Silverson rotary mixers and a flow cavitation dispersant that has no analogues in foreign industry – they are less demanding of pumping equipment and more efficient compared to DG-40 and foreign analogues. Experimental and calculated data on the characteristics of dispersants are given, a brief description of the device and operation of the rotary pulsating apparatus and cavitation dispersant is presented. It is also possible to intensify the working process of dispersion due to cavitation phenomena through the use of jet devices (ejectors). Designing a structure with a multi-barrel nozzle will increase the cavitation coefficient of injection by about 1,3 times compared to an ejector with a single-barrel nozzle.
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