The quality of oilfield services provided by contractors to mining companies directly affects their performance. Rosneft Oil Company purchases a large number of oilfield services in order to provide the planned level of hydrocarbon production. That’s why reliably built long-term customer-contractor relationships are the key to successful oil and gas production. Russian producing companies use different models of such relationships: some companies provide themselves with oilfield services; others purchase oilfield services from the outside market. However, given the volatility of hydrocarbon prices, even large international oilfield services companies do not always demonstrate financial and economic stability, which negatively affects the availability of high-quality contractors in the market in sufficient quantities. And the situation with Russian oilfield service contractors is even more critical. In order to protect itself on this side, Rosneft provides a large share of key oilfield services in addition to external contractors with internal services. Volume of internal services of different types grew up significantly in different regions during last five years. Therefore the company pays attention to internal service’s development. The problem of contractor effective performance benchmarking is relevant to all producing companies, especially to the big ones due to their activities in many regions. In particular, in order to improve the quality of internal services and control the quality of services of third-party contractors, a Contractor Efficiency Performance Management System (CEPM) was developed and introduced. The analysis of development Rosneft oilfield services demonstrates its effectiveness.

References

1. Samoylenko V., Business models of oilfield services and the efficiency of oil companies (In Russ.), Ekonomika i upravlenie: nauchno-prakticheskiy zhurnal, 2016, no. 4 (132), pp. 87–93.

2. Kozhevnikov A., Uilson E., Upravlenie podryadchikami v neftegazovoy otrasli Rossii kak faktor ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti (Contract management in the Russian oil and gas industry as a factor in environmental safety), Moscow: Publ. of WWF Russia, 2010.

3. Smirnov D.B., Improving governance mechanism sustainable development strategy at the enterprises of the oil complex (In Russ.), MIR = MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research), 2016, V. 7, no. 1(25), pp. 41–47.

4. Five principles of the TNK-BP contracting philosophy (In Russ.), Ekspert Sibir', 2012, no. 42, URL: http://expert.ru/siberia/2012/42/pyat-printsipov-filosofii-kontraktovaniya-tnk-vr/

5. Tokarev A.N., Petroservice as a basis of innovative development in oil industry (In Russ.), Innovatsii i obrazovanie, 2014, no. 4, pp. 91-99.

6. Zorina S., Sample efficiency (In Russ.), Sibirskaya neft', 2018, no. 156, URL: https://www.gazprom-neft.ru/press-center/sibneft-online/archive/2018-november/2067580/

7. Line continuous improvement program: Two-year performance (In Russ.), URL: http://www.up-pro.ru/library/production_management/lean/liniya-itogi.html

8. Kivizhe G., Shirov O., Efficient organization of work with contractors (In Russ.), Vestnik McKinsey, 2013, no. 28, URL: http://www.vestnikmckinsey.ru/transport-infrastructure-and-logistics/ehffektivnaya-organizaciya-rabo...

9. Isakov A.S., Liron E.M., Contractor effective performance management system (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2019, no. 3, pp. 18–21.

A brief analysis of the situation, the necessary actions and mechanisms for the development of domestic technologies for geophysical research of wells is given. The experience and current developments of the Rosneft Oil Company on the development and implementation of high-tech logging methods and related software are presented. The general points of growth and interaction with the leading geophysical tools-making companies of Russia on the development of high-tech methods for researching wells both at the end of drilling and while drilling are described. The inevitability and importance of developing a unified metrological corporate center to ensure a high level of accuracy of the developed geophysical equipment to achieve parity with leading geophysical companies-manufacturers of geophysical equipment are given. The mechanism for the implementation of pilot testing of high-tech equipment is described, which includes approaches to inter-functional interaction, the formation of conclusions and improvements of the tested technologies. The article describes the advantages of the multifunctional approach in pilot tests and pattern of interaction between the operating teams. A short list and the main positive results of the pilot testing are given. The mechanism of technology support from the moment it appears in the orbit of the interests and relevance of the Company to the moment the technology is recommended, after a series of successful pilot tests and comprehensive technological analysis, is presented for replication.

Carbonate deposits hold the major part of resource potential of the whole world and of Rosneft Oil Company in particular. For the majority of carbonates the presence of secondary porosity presented by fractures and caverns is typical. Dividing the voids in types – is the significant stage while evaluating the reserves, choosing the schemes and parameters of developing the deposits. The article presents the analysis of the cavernosity degree of Vendian and Low-Cambrian deposits of Nepa-Botuoba anteclise within the Rosneft Oil Company license areas, according to the results of the core research. There was suggested the approach for evaluation the proportion of cavernous porosity using the well logging. For evaluation there were used: computer tomography methods, nuclear magnetic resonance method and also the difference of porosity value of different diameter samples. For cavernous porosity evaluation using well logging data the method of V.M. Dobrynin has been taken as the base, it is based on the difference of each type of the voids according to the voluminal compressibility values. The analysis of the elastic properties on the core research results and the consideration of the specifics of the deposits, in particular polymineral composition and halitisation of the voids, will allow to choose the technique parameters for the best correlation of well logging cavernous porosity and core cavernous porosity. Verification of the received results with the nuclear magnetic resonance methods and computer tomography had the good repeatability. Most likely the differences are caused by the different scales of the researches. For more detailed adjustment of the cavernous porosity evaluation technique it is necessary to define the border of the fractures, caverns, pores compressibility.

References

1. Atlas karbonatnykh kollektorov mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza Vostochno-Evropeyskoy i Sibirskoy platform (Atlas of carbonate reservoirs oil and gas fields of the East European and Siberian platforms): edited by Bagrintseva K.I., Dmitrievskiy A.N., Bochko R.A., Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2003, 264 p.

2. Ghafoori M.R., Roostaeian M., Sajjadian V.A., Secondary porosity: A key parameter controlling the hydrocarbon production in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, Petrophysics, 2009, February, pp. 67–78.

3. Bayuk I.O., Ryzhkov V.I., Determination of parameters of cracks and pores of carbonate reservoirs according to wave acoustic logging (In Russ.), Tekhnologiya seysmorazvedki, 2010, no. 3, pp. 32–42.

4. Dobrynin V.M., An investigation of the porosity of complex carbonate reservoirs (In Russ.), Geologia nefti i gaza, 1991, no. 5, pp. 30–34.

5. Kazatchenko E., Markov M., Mousatov A., Determination of primary and secondary porosity in carbonate formations using acoustic data, SPE-84209-MS, 2003.

6. Gadzhiev V., Solov'ev Yu., Eynaudi F., Advanced acoustic applications for the Karachaganak field, Kazakhstan (In Russ.), SPE-139778-RU, 2010.

7. Kostin D.K., Kuznetsov E.G., Vilesov A.P., Experience of TNNC LLC in core study using CT scanner (In Russ.), Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik OAO “NK “Rosneft'”, 2014, no. 3, pp. 18–21.

8. Kolesov V.A. et al., Calculation of residual water saturation of east siberian reservoirs from nuclear magnetic logging data (In Russ.), Karotazhnik, 2014, no. 8 (242), pp. 50–58.

9. Dobrynin V.M., Deformatsii i izmeneniya fizicheskikh svoystv kollektorov nefti i gaza (Deformations and changes in the physical properties of oil and gas collectors), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1970, 239 p.

The decrease in oil reserves production in traditional terrigenous reservoirs on the territory of the Russian Federation makes more and more attention to the exploration and development of oil and gas deposits in carbonate deposits. One of such promising areas is the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky oil and gas accumulation zone. It is a carbonate reservoir.

The article presents the results of studying the heterogeneous structure of the carbonate reservoir of the Riphean age of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky zone using petrophysical methods, core studies, including special methods for studying the different types of pore volume genesis (optical – microscopy, stereomicroscopy, tomography and microtomography and others). As a result of a combination of lithological and petrophysical studies, patterns of the distribution of slit-like voids in intraclast dolomites, as the main type of reservoir of a productive Riphean reservoir, are determined. Quantitative characteristics of various types of volume are given. Criteria for contouring and quantitative assessment of the the poro-perm properties of prospective intervals in the section of wells have been developed, and a conceptual geological model of the Riphean reservoir has been determined. Based on the systematization of geological, geophysical, and field information, criteria for the productivity of Riphean deposits, such as the presence of intraclast dolomites, silicification, increased fracturing, and clayiness, are determined. The identified criteria made it possible to establish the patterns of distribution of promising zones within the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky reservoir, which made it possible to make field development more efficient. Thanks to the definition of the conceptual model, the trajectories of horizontal wells are currently being adjusted, which allows to receive initial oil rates of wells higher than planned.

References

1. Shuster V.L., Punanova S.A., Uglevodorodnye skopleniya v netraditsionnykh lovushkakh glubokozalegayushchikh otlozheniyakh severa Zapadnoy Sibiri – rezerv prirosta resursov nefti i gaza (Hydrocarbon accumulations in unconventional traps of deep-seated deposits in the north of Western Siberia - a reserve for the growth of oil and gas resources), Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Novye idei v geologii” (New Ideas in Geology), Moscow: Pero Publ., 2019, pp. 544–598.

2. Oknova N.S., Nonanticlinal traps – examples from Volga-Ural and Western Siberia oil-and-gas provinces (In Russ.), Neftegazovaya geologiya. Teoriya i praktika, 2012, V. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–14.

3. Kutukova N.M., Birun E.M., Malakhov R.A. et al., The conceptual model of Riphean carbonate reservoir in Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye field (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2012, no. 11, pp. 4–7.

4. Kontorovich A.E., Baykitskiy region (Baikit region), Neftegazonosnye basseyny i regiony Sibiri (Oil and gas basins and regions of Siberia), 1994, V. 6, 52 p.

5. Kharakhinov V.V., Shlenkin S.I., Neftegazonosnost' dokembriyskikh tolshch Vostochnoy Sibiri na primere Kuyumbinsko-Yurubcheno-Tokhomskogo areala neftegazonakpoleniya (The oil and gas potential of the Precambrian strata of Eastern Siberia on the example of the Kuyumbinsko-Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky area of the oil and gas region), Moscow: Nauchnyy mir Publ., 2011, 420 p.

6. Kharakhinov V.V., Tektonicheskiy kontrol' i geodinamicheskie obstanovki formirovaniya mestorozhdeniy Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoy zony neftegazonakopleniya (Tectonic control and geodynamic settings of the formation of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye oil and gas accumulation zone), Collected papers “Evolyutsiya tektonicheskikh protsessov v Istorii Zemli” (Evolution of tectonic processes in Earth History), Proceedings of XXXVII meeting, Part 2, Novosibirsk: Publ. of SB RAS, Geo Publ., 2004, pp. 252–253.

7. Atlas karbonatnykh kollektorov mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza Vostochno-Evropeyskoy i Sibirskoy platform (Atlas of carbonate reservoirs oil and gas fields of the East European and Siberian platforms): edited by Bagrintseva K.I., Dmitrievskiy A.N., Bochko R.A., Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2003, 264 p.

8. Bagrintseva K.I., Krasil'nikova N.B. et al., Formation conditions and properties of the Riphean carbonaceous reservoirs of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk deposit (In Russ.), Geologiya nefti i gaza, 2015, no. 1, pp. 24–40.

The project risks in relation to the tasks of Rosneft Oil Company for the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources on the Arctic shelf of the Russian Federation are determined mainly by the geocryological situation (permafrost distribution, their thickness, average annual temperature, cryogenic structure and ice content, their thermophysical and strength properties). Therefore, the development of methods of geocryological mapping and the creation of geocryological maps are very relevant.

The article presents the methods and results of mapping of the Kara Sea permafrost zone are presented. The methodology is based on a retrospective approach to the study of subaquatic cryolithozone. It consists in the use of thermal mathematical modeling, in which the conditions of one of the studied periods of the past are taken as initial conditions, and modern permafrost conditions are predicted. The stages of mapping are given. This is compiling a database, zoning according to the history of the development of the shelf, creating a paleogeographic scenario, a geological model, testing them and, finally, a geocryological forecast using mathematical modeling. The use of simulation results and their linking with field data is the final phase of the mapping. The results of research in the form of geocryological map are given. The map shows: distribution, depths of the roof and thickness of permafrost, as well as the distribution of cooled and thawed rocks. Cooled rocks are developed in the west and north-west of the sea area, where during the marine isotope stage MIS – 2 (25-15 thousand years ago) there was a glacier. The periglacial zone at the time of MIS-2 occupies the region of modern sea depths from 0 to 80-100 m adjacent to the continent. In the southwest and in the center of this zone, in the distribution of thawed, cooled, frozen rocks and their parameters, a connection with the main natural events of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene is traced. The distribution of permafrost is mainly insular in the southwest and in the center of the periglacial zone, in the northeast - mostly continuous. The central part of this zone, on the site of the continental extension of the Ob, Yenisei and other rivers, inherits the dammed subglacial basin of fresh water that existed during the MIS-2 glaciation. The thickness of permafrost in the southwest does not exceed 100 m, in the northeast it ranges from 100 to 300 m.

References

1. Baulin V.V., Ivanova N.V., Rivkin F.M. et al., Coastal cryolithozone of the Northwest Yamal: problems of development (In Russ.), Kriosfera Zemli = Earth's Cryosphere, 2005, V. IX, no. 1, pp. 28–37.

2. Vasil'ev A.A., Rekant P.V., Oblogov G.E., Korostelev Yu.V., Novaya GIS – orientirovannaya karta subakval'nykh mnogoletnemerzlykh porod Karskogo morya (New GIS – oriented map of subaquatic permafrost rocks of the Kara Sea)b Proceedings of enlarged meeting of the Scientific Council on Earth Cryology RAS, 2018, V. 1, pp. 291–295.

3. Kulikov S.N., Rokos S.I., Identifying permafrost soil bodies in seismoacoustic records of shallow areas in the Pechora and Kara seas (In Russ.), Geofizicheskie izyskaniya, 2017, no. 3, pp. 34–42.

4. Mel'nikov V.P., Spesivtsev V.I., Inzhenerno-geologicheskie i geokriologicheskie usloviya shel'fa Barentseva i Karskogo morey (Engineering-geological and geocryological conditions of the shelf of the Barents and Kara Seas), Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1995, 198 p.

5. Romanovskiy N.N., Tumskoy V.E., Retrospective approach to the estimation of the contemporary extension and structure of the shelf cryolithozone in East Arctic (In Russ.), Kriosfera Zemli = Earth's Cryosphere, 2011, V. XV, no. 1, pp. 3–14.

6. Certificate of State Registration no. 2016614404, Programma dlya modelirovaniya geokriologicheskikh usloviy na EVM “Qfrost” (Qfrost - the program for modeling geocryological conditions on a computer), Author: Pesotskiy D.G.

7. Certificate no. 940281, Programma rascheta teplovogo vzaimodeystviya inzhenernykh sooruzheniy s vechnomerzlymi gruntami WARM (The WARM thermal interaction calculation program for engineering structures with permafrost soils), Authors: Khrustalev L.N., Emel'yanov N.V., Pustovoyt G.P., Yakovlev S.V., 1994.

8. Khutorskoy M.D., Akhmedzyanov V.R., Ermakov A.V. et al., Geothermics of the Arctic seas (In Russ.), Trudy Geologicheskogo instituta, 2013, V. 605, 232 p.

9. Hughes A.L.C., Gyllencreutz R., Lohne Ø.S. et al., The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1. Boreas, 2016, V. 45, pp. 1–45, DOI: 10.1111/bor.12142.

10. Vasil'chuk Yu.K., Izotopno-kislorodnyy sostav podzemnykh l'dov (opyt geokriologicheskikh rekonstruktsiy) (Isotope-oxygen composition of underground ice (experience of geocryological reconstructions)), Moscow: Mosobluprpoligrafizdat Publ., 1992.

11. Volkov N.G., Prognoz temperaturnogo i vodno-ionnogo rezhima zasolennykh merzlykh porod i kriopegov (na primere p-va Yamal) (Forecast of temperature and water-ion regime of saline frozen rocks and cryopegs (on the example of the Yamal Peninsula)): thesis of candidate of geological and mineralogical science, Moscow, 2006.

With the development of drilling technology and the search for effective methods to increase oil recovery, drilling of horizontal wells became widespread. The world's largest companies began to massively implement this technology. The permanent increase in the complexity of geological conditions in the drilling areas, the involvement in the development of reservoirs with difficult recoverable reserves, technological and economic reasons stimulate horizontal drilling in the Russian Federation. The volume of drilling activities in Rosneft Oil Company over the past ten years has increased several times, including the volume of horizontal drilling. While increasing volume of horizontal drilling, the wells design is changing (multi-lateral, multilateral), the diversity of Geology is increasing and the variability of LWD tools is rising. In the context of increasing the volume of horizontal drilling, company needs systematization and classification of wells according to the degree of complexity for geosteering in order to more efficient allocation of resources while drilling (project documents, personnel, services, etc.) and improve the efficiency of horizontal wells.

The authors propose to implement in oil and gas industry a new parameter for horizontal wells Geosteering Difficulty Index (GDI). The method for its determination, as well as the classification of wells on the complexity of geosteering, is shown. An example of optimization of the services used on the basis of the presented classification is given, which as a result, will reduce unproductive costs and increase the economic efficiency of drilling horizontal wells.

References

1. Filimonov V.P., Kudashov K.V., Shirshov A.Yu., Increase in drilling efficiency on an example of ERD well in Odoptu-more field (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2012, no. 6, pp. 41–45.

2. Stishenko S., Petrakov Y., Sabirov A., Sobolev A., Automatic geosteering of wells (In Russ.), SPE-191594-18RPTC-MS, 2018.

3. Barry A., Burnett P., Meakin C., Geosteering horizontal wells in a thin oil column,

SPE-50072-MS, 1998, DOI:10.2118/50072-MS.

4. Griffiths R., Well placement fundamentals, Schlumberger , 2009, 229 p.

5. Southcott A., Harper H., 3-D Seismic proves its value in Bakken geosteering, Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2014, August 25, DOI:10.15530/URTEC-2014-1922656.

6. Verma C., Rodriguez F., Qasin Q.M. et al., Drilling optimization of extended reach multilateral wells to maximize reservoir contact in carbonate, SPE-186982-MS, 2017, DOI:10.2118/186982-MS.

The paper proposes a methodology for applying machine-learning methods under selecting the candidate wells to hydraulic fracturing one of the Rosneft Oil Company. Currently, a large amount of information is being collected during field development, the analysis of which by traditional methods is practically impossible due to the large time labor involved in processing and making decisions. In recent years, such problems have been solved using modern digital technologies. The most actively developing methods are data analysis based on machine learning algorithms intended to extract knowledge from the presented data array in order to make decisions regarding the objects under consideration.

The goal of the paper was to develop an integrated approach for the selection of candidate wells for hydraulic fracturing. As part of this goal, predictive machine learning models were created for the following indicators: starting oil and liquid production rates, oil production rates after 1, 3, 6 months, and an economic profitability indicator. The 3 machine learning algorithms were used to forecast each indicator. The algorithm showed the smallest error was chosen for each model. In the course of the work, it was shown that for modeling target indicators after the hydraulic fracturing nonlinear gradient boosting and random forest algorithms turned out to be the best. Selection of candidate wells for hydraulic fracturing operations is carried out based on a ranked list of candidate wells according to the forecasted target technological and economic indicators. Testing the proposed approach at one of the Rosneft's fields of the developed approach has shown the potential to improve forecasting accuracy and economic efficiency, which will potentially make it possible to increase the efficiency of the Rosneft's field development in the future.

References

1. Aryanto A., Kasmungin S., Fathaddin M.T., Hydraulic fracturing candidate-well selection using artificial intelligence approach, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Cendekiawan (Proceedings of the National Scholar Seminar, 2018, pp. 1–7.

2. Yanfang W., Salehi S., Refracture candidate selection using hybrid simulation with neural network and data analysis techniques, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2014, V. 123, pp. 138–146.

3. Rahmanifard H., Plaksina T., Application of artifcial intelligence techniques in the petroleum industry: a review, Artifcial Intelligence Review, 2018, pp. 1–24.

4. Mohaghegh S., Reeves S., Hill D. et al., Development of an intelligent systems approach for restimulation candidate selection, SPE-59767-MS, 2000.

5. Ting Yu et al., Comparison of candidate-well selection mathematical models for hydraulic fracturing, Fuzzy Systems & Operations Research and Management, 2015, V. 367, 289 p.

6. Galiullin M.M., Shabarov A.B., Application of the fuzzy sets theory for selection of wells with a view to wellwork on oil fields (In Russ.), Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Tyumen State University Herald, 2011, no. 7, pp. 30–37.

7. Alimkhanov R., Samoylova I., Application of data mining tools for analysis and prediction of hydraulic fracturing efficiency for the BV8 reservoir of the Povkh oil field (In Russ.), SPE-171332-MS, 2014, DOI:10.2118/171332-MS.

8. Davletova A.R., Kolonskikh A.V., Fedorov A.I., Fracture reorientation of secondary hydraulic fracturing operation (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 11, pp. 110–113.

9. Savchenko P.D., Fedorov A.I., Kolonskikh A.V. et al., Method for selecting well candidates based on the effect of fracture reorientation (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 11, pp. 114–117.

10. Zdol'nik S.E., Nekipelov Yu.V., Gaponov M.A., Folomeev A.E., Introduction of innovative hydrofracturing technologies on carbonate reservoirs of Bashneft PJSOC (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2016, no. 7, pp. 92–95.

Current state and main trends in development of corporate software for geological modeling of oil and gas fields are reviewed as well as main factors affecting the functional content and architectural features of a corporate software product in the near future are identified. Influence of modern information technologies on software developed, such as: non-relational databases, cloud storages and applications, multi-core computing, knowledge management systems, are included. Particular attention is given to the trends of great current interest in the oil and gas field modeling software development. It is noted the necessity in integration of professional oil and gas field modeling software into universal software packages covering the entire cycle of geological and technological design (from seismic processing to filtration calculations and economic risks assessment). Automation of the modeling process, including memorizing process sequence and stages parameters, creating “templates” for modeling, ensuring calculations repeatability is considered. Providing the possibility of multi-user modeling, both in the modes of phased data processing by various profiles specialists, and in the mode of parallel processing of one dataset by single-profile specialists is discussed. It is shown the advantages of transition from parallelized to distributed computing, allowing to remove restrictions on computing power, and transition to intelligent software support systems within the framework of corporate knowledge management systems. The emphasis is placed on the development, in accordance with the indicated priorities, of the corporate line of software products for modeling oil and gas fields of Rosneft Oil Company and, in particular, the RN-GEOSIM geological modeling software package.

References

1. Yakovlev V.V., Khasanov M.M., Prokofʹev D.O., Shushkov A.V., Technological development in Upstream Division of Gazprom Neft PJSC (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2016, no. 2, pp. 6–10.

2. Zakrevskiy K.E., Geologicheskoe 3D modelirovanie (3D geological modeling), Moscow: Publ of IPTs Maska, 2009, 376 p.

3. Veyber V., Kudinov A., Markov N., Model-driven platform for oil and gas enterprise data integration, International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012, V. 49, pp. 14–19.

4. Egorov D.V., Bukhanov N.V., Osmonalieva O.T. et al., Incorporation of experts'' experience into machine learning models using well logs analysis for Priobskoye and Muravlenkovskoye brownfields (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 12, pp. 28–31.

5. Minikeeva L.R., Nadezhdin O.V., Nugumanov E.R. et al., Development of methods for automation of multi-well logging data interpretation and core analysis (in Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 6, pp. 54–57.

6. Bilinchuk A.V., Gorev K.V., Koryabkin V.V. et al., Automating the process of petrophysical interpretation as an element of an efficient geosteering process (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2016, no. 12, pp. 36–39.

7. Kumar S., Wen X.H., He J. et al., Integrated static and dynamic uncertainties modeling big-loop workflow enhances performance prediction and optimization, SPE-182711-MS, 2017, DOI:10.2118/182711-ms

8. Moniruzzaman A.B.M., Hossain S., NoSQL database: New era of databases for big data analytics – Classification, characteristics and comparison, International Journal of Database Theory and Application, 2013, V. 6, no. 4.

9. Perrons R.K., Hems A., Cloud computing in the upstream oil & gas industry: A proposed way forward, Energy Policy, 2013, V. 56, pp. 732–737.

10. Jin H., Jespersen D.C., Mehrotra P. et al., High performance computing using MPI and OpenMP on multi-core parallel systems, Parallel Computing, 2011, V. 37, pp. 562–575.

11. URL: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html

12. Halsey T., Computational sciences in the upstream oil and gas industry, Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 2016, v. 374, no. 2078, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0429

13. Bakhtiy N.S., Aristov A.A., Khodanovich D.A. et al., Reservoir simulation of major oil fields in Surgutneftegas OJsC using high performance computing (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 5, pp. 64–67.

14. Mikryukova A., iKnow: a single point of access to technical knowledge (In Russ.), Upravlenie proizvodstvom, 2014, URL: http://www.up-pro.ru/print/library/information_systems/management/iknow-bz.html.

The current development stage of engineering and technology for hydrocarbon production is characterized by a significant increase of production information on current status of gas and gas condensate fields technological processes. The task is to make a digital transformation the enterprises of the industry, where important part is take place the creation of automatically regulated intellectual fields and remotely controlled by groups of experts through situational centers. Intellectualization means that gas field has to go through the following stages: re-equipment existing control systems with the necessary instrumentation for remote monitoring and control of the gas and gas condensate production and treatment processes; digital twins development for calculating gas field operation multivariate scenarios; creating gas field distributed intellectual control system, which includes an automatic gas field control system (SAUP) and well control system (SAR). SAUP provides gas field optimal scenario calculation, selection and real-time control, while SAR provides keeping regimes set by SAUP and the safe operation of gas and gas condensate wells, including autonomous mode when communication with SAUP is lost. For SAUP real-time operation it is important to use artificial intelligence technologies along with physical and mathematical models of processes, which will accelerate predictive calculations and choose the optimal scenario for gas field. During digital transformation a three-level management system has to be implemented, including gas field level, a subsidiary level and a parent company level, each of them has its own characteristics. The concept of gas and gas condensate fields intellectualization, proposed by Rosneft employees, is based on modern ideas about necessary and effective digital transformation of production, which uses IT technologies, maximizes the potential of the reservoir and surface facilities. Gas fields equipped with intelligent control systems make possible to obtain additional hydrocarbon production, primarily due to the reduction of unproductive losses of reservoir energy arising from non-optimal “manual” regulation of wells and flows in the gas production and treatment system.

References

1. Eremin N.A., Abukova L.A., Dmitrievskiy A.N., Tsifrovaya modernizatsiya gazovogo kompleksa (Digital modernization of the gas complex), Collected papers “Aktual'nye voprosy razrabotki i vnedreniya malolyudnykh (udalennykh) tekhnologiy dobychi i podgotovki gaza na mestorozhdeniyakh PAO “Gazprom” (Actual issues of the development and implementation of low-populated (remote) technologies for gas production and treatment at the fields of PJSC Gazprom), 2017, pp. 9-20.

2. Garichev S.N., Eremin N.A., Tekhnologiya upravleniya v real'nom vremeni (Real-time management technology), Moscow: Publ. of MPTI, 2015, Part 1, 196 p.

3. Vorob'ev A.E., Tcharo Kh., Vorob'ev K.A., Oil industry digitization: "intelligent" oilfield (In Russ.), Vestnik Evraziyskoy nauki = The Eurasian Scientific Journal, 2018, no. 3, URL: https://esj.today/PDF/77NZVN318.pdf

4. Lobkov Yu.A., Intellectual field of LUKOIL PJSC (In Russ.), Inzhenernaya praktika, 2017, no. 11, pp. 4–9.

5. Alekseenko A.S., Digital twins and their application (In Russ.), Gazovaya promyshlennost', 2018, no. 9(774), pp. 38-39.

6. Volkov S.V., “Tsifrovoy dvoynik” aktiva – osnova umnogo mestorozhdeniya” (Digital twin of asset is the foundation of smart field), Proceedings of III conference “Tekhnologii v oblasti razvedki i dobychi nefti” (Oil Exploration and Technology), Moscow: Publ. of Rosneft OJSC, 2017.

Rotary type centrifugal gas separator invented back in the 50s of the last century by Russian scientist P.D. Lyapkov is still broadly applied all over the world, however, due to its design it has low resistance to hydraulic and abrasive wear. Relatively low wear resistance is the cause of the complete failure of the gas separator structure. Vortex type and auger type gas separators introduced in the market does not have rotary drum and use the vortex effect which significantly increased the wear resistance of the design. For development of the strategy of gradual replacement of the applied rotary type gas separators for vortex or auger type gas separator a project of integrated study of comparative characteristics of this equipment produced in Russia was launched. It is necessary to study how the absence of the rotary centrifugal drum in gas separators affects the efficiency of gas separation and change of power consumption. At the first stage of bench tests it was found that gas separators of vortex and auger type have slightly lower efficiency of gas separation but they consumed less power in comparison with tested basic rotary gas separator. The efficiency of some of tested vortex type gas separators was only slightly lower than the efficiency of basic rotary gas separator. This indicates that there is a potential of upgrading of the design of the equipment for improvement of its performance. The information obtained in the course of studies will allow to develop new specifications for gas separators which according the specialists of Rosneft Oil Company should be not only efficient in gas separation but they should be also energy efficient. The revealed effect of reduction of power consumption of rotary type gas separators and vortex and auger type gas separators is not high and amounts only to 0.25-0.3 kW⋅h per unit of equipment. However, given that the Russian largest oil and gas company Rosneft has more than 43,000 wells equipped with electrical submersible pumps the total energy saving is not that small. Rosneft Group oil and gas production subsidiaries started to take into account the energy saving effect in case of replacement of rotary type gas separators by vortex or auger type gas separators when preparing their artificial lift cost reduction programs.

References

1. Certificate of authorship no. SU 109579 A1, Submersible centrifugal pump, Author: Lyapkov P.D.

2. Drozdov A.N., Tekhnologiya i tekhnika dobychi nefti pogruzhnymi nasosami v oslozhnennykh usloviyakh (The technology and technique of oil production by submergible pumps in the complicated conditions), Moscow: MAKS press Publ., 2008, 312 p.

3. Vakhitova R.I., Saracheva D.A., Urazakov D.R., Dumler E.B., Povyshenie effektivnosti raboty pogruzhnykh elektrotsentrobezhnykh ustanovok pri dobyche nefti s vysokim gazosoderzhaniem (Improving the efficiency of submersible electric centrifugal plants in oil production with high gas content), Al'met'evsk: Publ. of ASPU, 2019, 104 p.

4. Den'gaev A.V., Povyshenie effektivnosti ekspluatatsii skvazhin pogruzhnymi tsentrobezhnymi nasosami pri otkachke gazozhidkostnykh smesey (Improving the efficiency of well operation by submersible centrifugal pumps during pumping of gas-liquid mixtures): thesis od candidate of technical science, 2005.

5. Yakimov S.B., Shportko A.A., Shalagin Yu.Yu., Ways of improving gas separators reliability used to protect electric centrifugal pumps (ESP) in the deposits of PJSC "NK "Rosneft" (In Russ.), Oborudovanie i tekhnologii dlya neftegazovogo kompleksa, 2017, no. 1, pp. 33–39.

6. Perel'man M.O., Peshcherenko M.P., Peshcherenko S.N., Peculiarities of multi-phase flows determining hydroabrasive strength of gas separators (In Russ.), Burenie i neft', 2013, no. 5, pp. 44–47.

One of the key priority targets for Rosneft Oil Company is continuous HSE improvement. In order to achieve this target Rosneft is executing the project on development of the system of facilities and equipment integrity management aimed first of all at mitigation of the risk of major accidents and the number of equipment failures. With development of the system the Company faced the necessity to estimate its efficiency. Guideline API RP 754 proposes process safety events rate (PSER) indicator to measure process safety performance. These define process safety levels and measure the number of incidents that take place in processes per million hours worked. These indicators are now widely used internationally for assessment of process safety measures allowing to learn from minor incidents in order to pursue the objective of prevention of bigger accidents and accumulation of knowledge on risk management and process facility integrity management. PSER indicators are based on unified and controlled source data and calculation; that is they do not depend either on internal accident classification criteria of different companies that get regularly revised or external ones caused by the national legislation.

In 2018 Rosneft tested the methodology of classification and registration of accidents to define PSER indicators in 25 subsidiaries. Since early 2019 the safety level assessment using the PSER indicators was introduced across the Company. The first results of 6 months of 2019 demonstrate the practical value of registration and analysis of PSER indicators for formulation of risk mitigation measures and reduction of the number of accidents and the magnitude of such accidents. Besides, registration and calculation of PSER indicators allows Rosneft to do international benchmarking by comparing against other oil and gas companies for the level of process safety.

References

1. Lutchman Ch., Evans D., Ghanem W., Maharaj R., Fundamentals of an operationally excellent management system, USA, Boca Roton: CRC Press, 2015, 456 r.

2. Andreeva N.N., Sivokon' I.S., Podderzhanie infrastruktury mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza. Upravlenie tselostnost'yu opasnykh proizvodstvennykh ob"ektov (Maintaining the infrastructure of oil and gas fields. Integrity management for hazardous production facilities), Moscow: Publ. of Gubkin University, 2015, 192 p.

3. ANSI/API RP 754. Process safety performance indicators for the refining and petrochemical industries, URL: https://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/health-and-safety/refinery-and-plant-safety/process-safety/p...

4. IOGP Report 456. Process safety – recommended practice on key performance indicators. – https://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/health-and-safety/refinery-and-plant-safety/process-safety/p...

Present-day concept of the structure of the Pre-Jurassic basement of the Western Siberia is presented. The geological model of the Western Siberia as geosynclinals model is generally received. The geodynamic approach to this problem has been developing in the last 50 years. This approach based on the theory of the plate tectonics allows to estimate petroleum potential of the pre-Jurassic complex newly. There is opinion the basement of the Western Siberia plate is a continuation of the Central Asian Foldbelt. The contemporary analogue of the Central Asian folded belt is the south-eastern margin of Asia, represented by the junction area of the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. Hydrocarbon accumulations various in size including Vietnam oilfields track this area. At present, the pre-Jurassic basement of the Western Siberia (its structure and composition) is insufficiently studied. Analysis of literary data by composition of Pre-Jurassic rocks and the location of oil and gas areas of the globe, the distribution of gas hydrate accumulations and hydrocarbon manifestations in the World ocean in the concept of the plate-tectonic model showed that the pre-Jurassic complex of the Western Siberia is represented by rocks and geodynamic conditions for their formation favorable for the formation of reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulations. The detailed researches of basement rocks on the developed oilfields carried out by authors earlier showed the rocks was formed in various geodynamic conditions. However, the complex structure of the pre-Jurassic basement – its block structure, intensive disjunctive tectonics and non-uniform development of secondary processes with different directions in relation to the formation of the void space – make the search for hydrocarbon deposits very difficult in it. Found deposits of oil, gas condensate and gas in the Pre-Jurassic basement indicate its prospects for hydrocarbon raw materials.

References

1. Buslov M.M., Tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asian Foldbelt: The role of Late Paleozoic large-amplitude strike-slip faults (In Russ.), Geologiya i geofizika = Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2011, V. 52, no. 1, pp. 66–90.

2. Buslov M.M., Tektonicheskoe rayonirovanie i geodinamika Altae-Sayanskoy skladchatoy oblasti (Tectonic zoning and geodynamics of the Altai-Sayan folded region), Collected papers “Geologiya i geofizika i mineral'noe syr'e Sibiri” (Geology and geophysics and minerals of Siberia), Proceedings of 1st scientific and practical conference, Part 1, Novosibirsk, 2014, pp. 168–171.

3. Ivanov K.S., Koroteev V.A., Pecherkin M.F. et al., The western part of the West Siberian petroleum megabasin: geologic history and structure of the basement (In Russ.), Geologiya i geofizika= Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2009, V. 50, no. 4, pp. 484–501.

4. Ivanov K.S., Erokhin Yu.V., Pisetskiy V.B. et al., New data on the structure of the West-Siberian Platform basement (In Russ.), Litosfera, 2013, no. 4, pp. 91–106.

5. Gavrilov V.P., Possible mechanisms for the natural replenishment of reserves in oil and gas fields (In Russ.), Geologiya nefti i gaza, 2008, no. 1, pp. 56–64.

6. Shakirov R.B., Gazogeokhimicheskie polya okrainnykh morey Vostochnoy Azii (Gas-geochemical fields of the marginal seas of East Asia), Moscow: GEOS Publ., 2018, 341 p.

7. Brekhuntsov A.M., Strukturno-fatsial'naya zonal'nost' i neftegazonosnost' paleozoyskogo megakompleksa Zapadnoy Sibiri (Structural-facies zonality and oil and gas potential of the Paleozoic megacomplex of Western Siberia), Proceedings of II All-Russian Scientific Conference “Fundament, struktury obramleniya Zapadno-Sibirskogo mezozoysko-kaynozoyskogo osadochnogo basseyna, ikh geodinamicheskaya evolyutsiya i problemy neftegazonosnosti” (Foundation, framing structures of the West Siberian Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basin, their geodynamic evolution and problems of oil and gas), Tyumen, 27–29 April 2010, Novosibirsk: PubL. of OIT INGG SO RAN, 2010, pp. 25–28.

8. Kharakhinov V.V., Shlenkin S.I., Nesterov V.N. et al., Geological and geophysical prerequisites for the development of the oil and gas potential of pre-Jurassic deposits in western Siberia (In Russ.), Geofizika, 2001, Special Issue, pp. 78–87.

9. Mikhaylets N.M., Formation of hydrocarbon deposits in weathering crust of basement rocks of West Siberia (In Russ.), Ekspozitsiya Neft' Gaz, 2012, no. 5 (23), pp. 54–56.

10. Stupakova A.V., Sokolov A.V., Soboleva E.V. et al., Geological survey and petroleum potential of Paleozoic deposits in the Western Siberia (In Russ.), Georesursy = Georesources, 2015, no. 2(61), pp. 63–75.

11. Shadrina S.V., Kondakov A.P., New data on the basement of the north-eastern framing of Krasnoleninskiy arch (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2014, no. 11, pp. 94–99.

12. Kondakov A.P., Efimov V.A., Dzhamanov A.Sh., Shadrina S.V., Reservoirs identifying in the metamorphic rocks of the southern zone of northeast edge of IKrasnoleninskiy dome based on logging, core study and well testing (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2019, no. 5, pp. 51–56.

13. Pardo Echarte M.E., Cobiella Reguera J.L., Oil and gas exploration in Cuba, SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, 2017, 88 p., DOI 10/1007/978-3-319-56744-0_4.

14. Manuella F.C., Scribano V., Carbone S., Abyssal serpentinites as gigantic factories as marine salts and oil, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, V. 92, pp. 1041–1055.

The article is devoted to an urgent issue - the creation of a conceptual model of the structure of the gas-bearing reservoir of the Turonian sediments (reservoir T of the Kuznetsov formation) in the northern regions of Western Siberia. The formation of a geological concept is considered on the example of a gas deposit identified within the boundaries of the Kharampur and Festival deposits in the deposits of the Gazsalinskaya member of the Kuznetsov suite. The uniqueness of the Kharampur field is the presence of gas reserves in the sandy section of the Turonian sediments of the Kuznetsov suite. The presence of siltstone-sandy interlayers in the Kuznetsov suite, allocated to the Gazsalinsky stratum, is a feature of only the Taz type of section. The deposits of the Ghazalinsky member are characterized by reduced reservoir properties and increased clay content compared with the Cenomanian strata of the Pokur formation. A prerequisite for the formation of a new geological concept was the results of the first experimental work at the facility. They revealed low confirmation of the previously approved geological model of the T formation and the sharp ambiguity of the petrophysical and structural parameters. This led to the need to review the entire existing geological concept of the Turonian sediments, including the creation of a new petrophysical base taking into account the heterogeneous reservoir.

Based on the core and well logs, the three-membered structure of the T formation was established, and the conditions of formation of each pack were studied. The complex structure of the T layer is due to the thin interbedding of reservoirs and non-reservoirs, additionally complicated by bioturbation processes. Such structural and textural features lead to an underestimation of the filtration-capacitive properties and complicate the justification of the gas-water contact according to well logging data. The gas saturation coefficient is of greatest difficult to determine. On the basis of the concept of the mixed chemogenic-terrigenous genesis of the deposits of the Ghazalinsky stratum, the author's version of the petrophysical model of a heterogeneous reservoir is proposed. The use of a heterogeneous reservoir model makes it possible to more accurately determine the effective volume and reservoir properties. The main characteristics of the gas-bearing reservoir were also studied: modern and paleomorphology of the Turonian deposits, tectonophysical characteristics of the morphostructure of the region, the prevailing directions of modern and paleostresses, the nature of the manifestation of disjunctive tectonics.

References

1. Reshenie VI Mezhvedomstvennogo stratigraficheskogo soveshchaniya po rassmotreniyu i prinyatiyu utochnennykh stratigraficheskikh skhem mezozoyskikh otlozheniy Zapadnoy Sibiri (Decision VI of the interdepartmental stratigraphic meeting on the review and adoption of refined stratigraphic schemes of the mesozoic deposits of Western Siberia), Novosibirsk: Publ. of SNIIGGiMS, 2004, 114 p.

2. Kudamanov A.I., Agalakov S.E., Marinov V.A., The problems of Turonian-early Coniacian sedimentation within the boundaries of the West Siberian plate (In Russ.), Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2018, no. 7, pp. 19–26.

3. Kudamanov A.I., Avramenko E.B., Sedimentation of West-Siberian Plate Turonian deposits: history case of Kharampur licence block (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 9, pp. 70–75.

4. Lisitsyn A.P., Lavinnaya sedimentatsiya izmeneniya urovnya okeana, pereryvy i pelagicheskoe osadkonakoplenie – global'nye zakonomernosti (Avalanche sedimentation of sea level changes, breaks and pelagic sedimentation – global patterns), Proceedings of 27th International Geological Congress, Part 3. Paleokeanologiya (Paleoceanology), Moscow, 1984, pp. 3–21.

5. Mal'shakov A.V., Oshnyakov I.O., Zhadeeva E.A. et al., Justification of microlayered Turonian age deposits petrophysical model for reliable reservoir properties assessment (In Russ.), SPE-182501-RU, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2118/182501-RU.

6. Mal'shakov A.V., Oshnyakov I.O., Kuznetsov E.G. et al., Innovative approaches to study heterogeneous anisotropic reservoirs of Turonian deposits for reliable assessment of reservoir properties (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2016, no. 2, pp. 46–51.

The article describes the characteristics, features and methods of application of the latest (2014) development of NPF Geophysika JSC – fivesondes laterolog tool (5LL). Due to the complexity of the problems, before the development of the tool, together with Central Geophysical Expedition JSC we carried out a complete computer simulation of the developed sondes, the choice of the required sondes lengths, corresponding to a single vertical resolution and different depths of investigation for each sonde. Depth of investigations is selected in such a way as to allocate the radii of the invasion zone and to estimate the electrical resistivity of the unaffected part of the formation and the invasion zone. As a result, the developed tool allows to solve the same problems as foreign multisonde laterolog tools, such as Rtexplorer (Baker Hughes) and HRLA (Schlumberger), but has its own unique form of the sondes. A comparison of the characteristics and the actual logging curves developed tools and singlesonde laterolog tool K1-723 and the HRLA tool. The treatment of the indications of the curves of the 5LL tool and its functionality are demonstrated. On a real example the introduction of corrections for the influence of the borehole, conducting a point-by-point and interval valued solution of the inverse problem is shown. The solution of the inverse problem is implemented on the basis of introduction of amendments (three-layer chart curves), and on the basis of the full implementation of the inversion – computation of the synthesized curves in the model and their comparison with logging data, with subsequent refinement of the model. The misfit is calculated at each refinement of the model, as the degree of mismatch between the model solutions with well-logging curves.

References

1. Klimenko V.A., Salakhov T.R., Yulmukhametov K.R., Electric multielectrode lateral logging tool (In Russ.), Karotazhnik, 2015, no. 11 (257), pp. 71–80.

2. Pantyukhin V.A., Dichenko V.G., Nigmatzyanov R.A., An EK-VR high-resolution electrical array logging tool (In Russ.), Karotazhnik, 2016, no. 9 (267), pp. 109–118.

3. URL: https://www.slb.com/~/media/files/evaluation/brochures/wireline_open_ho­le/petrophysics/resistivity/...

4. Legendre E. et al., Better saturation from new array laterolog, Proceedings of SPWLA 40th Annual Logging Symposium: Conference Paper, Oslo, Norway, 30 May – 3 June 1999.

5. Maurer H. et al., Advanced processing for a new array laterolog tool, Proceedings of SPWLA 50th Annual Logging Symposium: Conference Paper, Woodlands, Texas, USA, 21–24 May 2009.

6. Smits J.W. et al., Improved resistivity interpretation utilizing a new array laterolog tool and associated inversion processing, SPE-49328-MS, 1998.

7. Liu C.R., Theory of electromagnetic well logging, Elveiser, 2017, 714 p.

8. Privalova O.R., Rezul'taty opytno-promyshlennykh rabot po vnedreniyu novoy apparatury GIS na mestorozhdeniyakh PAO “ANK “Bashneft'” v 2016 (The results of pilot works on the introduction of new GIS equipment at the fields of Bashneft ANK PJSC in 2016), Proceedings of XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Novaya geofizicheskaya tekhnika i tekhnologii dlya resheniya zadach neftegazovykh i servisnykh kompaniy” (New geophysical equipment and technologies for solving problems of oil and gas and service companies), Ufa, 2017, pp. 22–23.

9. Kashik A.S. et al., Performance evaluation of the high-resolution multipole lateral logging tool and software package for processing its measurement results (In Russ.), Gaz. Neft'. Novatsii, 2016, no. 10, pp. 64–71.

10. Klimenko V.A., Software-and-methods set for evaluation of the electrical properties of the rock from five-sonde laterologs (5BK) (In Russ.), Karotazhnik, 2017, no. 7(277), pp. 134–142.

The article highlights the results of digital processing and integrated interpretation of CMP-3D seismic data made using common reflection surface (CRS) technology at one of the areas of Samaraneftegas JSC in the Volga-Ural region. The current tasks of modern seismic exploration, being solved by a group of companies Rosneft, are estimated. The existence of special technologies for processing seismic data that have appeared recently that can solve these problems is noted. The history of the emergence of CRS technology and its development, the basis and essence of the CRS method are briefly described. The place of CRS technology in the existing processing chain of seismic data processing is estimated. To illustrate the effectiveness of the processing and interpretation processes, one of the Samaraneftegas's projects in the Ural-Volga region was selected. The results of processing seismic data by a standard graph and a graph that includes the use of special technology CRS are considered. A comparison is made with a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the work of 2019 with the previously obtained results of 2012. During the comparison, the advantages of the results obtained using the CRS technology were emphasized. The advantages are noted in the aspects of traceability, resolution of the final seismic cubes, and restoration of the upper part of the section. In terms of the advantages of interpretation, the advantages of the results of special processing are noted both on the maps of the structural plan and on the schemes of dynamic attributes. The potential of the technology in the direction of obtaining new geological and geophysical information is assessed in conditions when the available seismic data do not reveal their full potential, or when obtaining new data is impossible or is associated with high costs.

References

1. Mann J., Jaeger R., Mueller T. et al., Common-reflection-surface stack – a real data example, Appl. Geoph. 42, Special issue on Karlsruhe workshop on macro model independent seismic reflection imaging, 1999, pp. 301–318.

2. Gilaev G.G., Manasyan A.E., Khamitov I.G. et al., Experience in performing MOGT-3D seismic surveys with Slip-Sweep method (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2013, no. 4, pp. 82–85.

Carbonate sedimentation within the northern flank of Caspian depression is controlled by tectonic processes and eustatic sea level fluctuations, which significantly affect the reservoir properties. One of the main features of the geological structure of the study area is side ledges with a height of 400 to 1000 m. They are boundaries of different facies zones: relatively deep-sea (depression) of dark-colored clay-carbonate sediments and light colored carbonate rocks of shallow shelf edge, part of which form the barrier reef system. In recent years, a significant amount of data has been collected as a result of exploration in this area. Information can not only complete but also to clarify and develop the established notions about regional structure characteristics of study area.

The article presents the model of the Lower Permian carbonate deposits based on the interpretation of the seismic survey and well logging results with a sequent stratigraphy analysis. Work done allows to make clear about structure of Tokarevskoye and Cyganovsko-Ulyanovskoye fields, as well as to trace the zones of reef development. Based on seismic data, a chain of local elongated structures formed as a result of inherited reef formation extends along the edge of the Lower Permian ledge. Based on the results of well tests, deposits of the Artinian age contain reservoirs confined to the facies zone of the reef. The facies maps were constructed for the Asselian-Sakmarian deposits in the Cyganovsko-Ulyanovskoye and Tokarevskoye areas of the Caspian depression. The sedimentary model, which revealed eustatic cyclicity, was suggested for the carbonate deposits. Analysis of sequence stratigraphy contributed to finding of new perspective exploration objects.

References

1. Antipov M.P., Bykadorov V.A., Volozh Yu.A., Leonov Yu.G., Problems of origin and evolution of Pre-Caspian depression (In Russ.), Geologiya nefti i gaza, 2009, no. 3, pp. 11–19.

2. Volozh Yu.A., Osadochnye basseyny Zapadnogo Kazakhstana (na osnove seysmostratigraficheskogo analiza) (Sedimentary basins of Western Kazakhstan (based on seismic stratigraphic analysis)): thesis of doctor of geological and mineralogical science, Moscow, 1991.

3. Neftegazonosnost' paleozoyskoy shel'fovoy okrainy severa Prikaspiyskoy vpadiny (na primere Fedorovskogo bloka) (Oil and gas potential of the Paleozoic shelf margin of the north of the Caspian basin (on the example of the Fedorov block)): edited by Kuandykova B.M., Shomfai A., Li Gian, Almaty: Ural Oyl end Gaz Publ., 2011, 279 p.

In order to support the development efficiency of fields with heavy and highly viscous oil, it is necessary to reduce the cost of its production both by optimizing operating expenses and capital investments, and by introducing new technologies or improvements of existing technologies that enhance the oil recovery.

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an industrially developed approach for producing heavy and highly viscous oil in reservoirs with a thickness of 10 to 50 m. This article considers two new schemes of SAGD applicable to the conditions of thick heavy and highly viscous oil reservoirs with a thickness of 100 m and more. The first proposed SAGD option involves drilling horizontal and downward deviated wells in the same vertical plane towards each other from different well pads. According to the sector hydrodynamic modeling results, this scheme allows to involve the additional volume of the reservoirs into the thermal stimulation and increase their oil recovery. The second considered SAGD option assumes drilling in a thick heavy and highly viscous oil reservoirs horizontal injectors and upward deviated producers located perpendicular to each other and alternating with the rows of vertical producers. It provides an increase in the estimated oil recovery due to the activation of heat and filtration flows in both vertical and lateral directions. Both schemes of SAGD allow reducing the number of wells for drilling and consequently the cost of the thick heavy and highly viscous oil reservoir development process.

References

1. Taraskin E.N., Zakharyan A.Z., Ursegov S.O., Adaptive option of steam injection technological efficiency evaluation for carbonate high-viscosity oil reservoir conditions (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 11, pp. 102–107.

2. Doan Q.T., Farouq Ali S.M., Tan T.B., SAGD performance variability – Analysis of actual production data for 28 Athabasca oil sands well pairs, SPE-195348-MS, 2019.

3. Loparev D.S., Chertenkov M.V., Buslaev G.V. et al., Improvement of drilling technology for the Yarega heavy oil field development by SAGD method with counter producing and injecting wells, SPE-171275-MS, 2014.

4. Konoplev Yu.P., Gerasimov I.V., 80 years of oil production on the Yaregskoye field of high-viscosity oil (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2017, no. 7, pp. 30–32.

5. Taraskin E.N., Ursegov S.O., Improving SAGD efficiency in carbonate reservoirs by combining horizontal, deviated and vertical wells (In Russ.), SPE-187692-RU, 2017.

6. Patent no. RU2334096C1, Method of massive type high-viscosity oil pool development, Inventor: Khisamov R.S.

7. Patent no. RU2580339C1, Method for development massive type high-viscous oil deposit, Inventors: Ursegov S.O., Taraskin E.N.

In 2019 Zarubezhneft started a project on developing mature fields in Southern part of Fergana Valley by creating a joint venture with Uzbekneftegas JSC – ANDIJANPETRO LLC. First development of the assets started in 1945 with current number of 775 drilled wells with density of 1-9 ha/well; now 90% of the well stock is abandoned; some wells are idle or awaiting abandonment. Producing wells can be characterized as highly deteriorated. At the start of the project, the primary task was to perform a quick evaluation of the assets with sparse data quality and availability. The first steps were data collection and physical inspection of subsurface equipment and field infrastructure. Data collection was complicated by a fact that initial data was dispersed between different companies and institutes on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and by a fact that all the source data was in all cases a hard copy. Research Institute VNIINeft (subsidiary of Zarubazhneft Group) in cooperation with Zarubazhneft carried out extensive work including digitization and analysis of all available data. Modern data evaluation methods allowed to determine and prioritize workovers in order to increase oil production. Precise data quality control and screening has been performed to define inconsistencies in initial geological data. Infrastructure inspection has been performed during a series of field trips and required not only visual control, but also well position determination, precise technical verification of well hardware and pumps in order to update current status of each well.

The article considers geomechanical and hydrodynamic estimation of the influence of bottom-hole pressure on the well performance in fractured porous reservoir in Perm region. Analysis of the dynamics of the well productivity together with an analysis of the dynamics of the reservoir and bottom-hole pressure was made. The result of analysis indicates a significant impact of increased values of effective stresses in the rock, acting on the walls of natural fractures and occurring in the process of reducing reservoir and bottom-hole pressures of wells, on the permeability of fractured rocks. In order to determine the laws of the distribution of the parameter of the intensity of crack closure in the rock, depending on various geological conditions, tests of physical-mechanical and filtration-capacitive properties of core samples with fractures in reservoir conditions were performed. As a result, the dependence of parameter of the intensity of crack closure change from P-wave was obtained. Subsequently, the results were applied in the process of hydrodynamic modeling of development of studied oil fields. Considering of the dependence of natural fracture permeability from high effective pressures allows increasing the reliability of forecasting indicators of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A software module was developed that works in conjunction with hydrodynamic simulator Tempest More and allows determining critical values of bottom-hole pressures in vertical and horizontal wells in fractured carbonate reservoir with reference to geophysical characteristics.

References

1. Viktorin V.D., Vliyanie osobennostey karbonatnykh kollektorov na effektivnost' razrabotki neftyanykh zalezhey (The influence of carbonate reservoirs in the efficiency of the oil deposits development), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1988, 150 p.

2. Cherepanov S.S., Ponomareva I.N., Erofeev A.A., Galkin S.V., Determination of fractured rock parameters based on a comprehensive analysis of the data core studies, hydrodynamic and geophysical well tests (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2014, no. 2, pp. 94–96.

3. Denk S.O., Problemy treshchinovatykh produktivnykh ob"ektov (Problems of fractured productive reservoirs), Perm': Elektronnye izdatel'skie sistemy Publ., 2004, 334 p.

4. Lebedinets L.P., Izuchenie i razrabotka neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy s treshchinovatymi kollektorami (Research and development of oil fields with fractured reservoirs), Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1997.

5. Kashnikov Yu.A., Gladyshev S.V., Popov S.N., Analysis of well output dynamics exploiting turnejsko-famensky productive sites of oilfields located in the north of perm territory (In Russ.), Geologiya, geofizika i razrabotka neftyanykh i gazovykh mestorozhdeniy, 2009, no. 10, pp. 56–61.

6. Kashnikov Yu.A., Ashikhmin S.G., Shustov D.V. et al., Experimental and analytical studies of fracture permeability changes due to crack closure (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2013, no. 4, pp. 40–43.

7. Barton N.R., Bandis S.C., Deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1985, V. 22, pp. 121–140.

8. Tran D., Settari A., Nghiem L., New iterative coupling between a reservoir simulator and a geomechanics module, SPE-88989-PA, 2004.

9. Fiaer E., Holt R.M., Horsrud P. et al., Petroleum related rock mechanics, Elsevier Science, 2008, pp. 391–434.

For more than a century, matrix acidizing has been one of the most common methods to enhance productivity of oil producing wells. Domestic and foreign researchers have developed numerous modifications of acidizing systems and plenty of technologies to inject them into formations. The treatments are carried out with varying degree of success depending on concrete geological settings and reservoir conditions. The effectiveness of matrix acidizing of sandstone and carbonate reservoirs penetrated by vertical and horizontal wells depends on a number of factors. Natural factors are the type of a reservoir, geological setting, macro- and micro-heterogeneity of a reservoir, physical and chemical properties of formation fluids, reservoir pressure and temperature, oil- and water saturation, structure of residual reserves in the well drainage area, well interference, etc. Operational and engineering factors are associated with proper selection of candidate wells, effective preparation works on the wellsite, proper selection of acidizing system, engineering design, acid and other chemicals retention time, the completion method and the quality of completion jobs, competence of staff, whether reservoir energy is maintained or not, well design, optimal bottomhole pressure and reservoir pressure (underbalance), duration of aftereffect, etc. Low success of matrix acidizing is attributed, mainly, to poor distribution of acid in the reservoir, plugging of pore space by chemical reactions’ products, shallow acid penetration, etc. Innovative treatment methods to enhance production from heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs are in high demand. The paper discusses two promising methods – foam-acid treatment and selective large-volume acidizing.

References

1. Khisamov R.S., Musabirov M.Kh., Yartiev A.F., Uvelichenie produktivnosti karbonatnykh kollektorov neftyanykh mestorozhdeniy (Increase in productivity of carbonate reservoirs of oil fields), Kazan': Ikhlas Publ., 2015, 192 p.

2. Glushchenko V.N., Silin M.A., Neftepromyslovaya khimiya (Oilfield chemistry), Part 4. Kislotnaya obrabotka skvazhin (Acid treatment of wells): edited by Mishchenko I.T., Moscow: Interkontakt Nauka Publ., 2010, 703 p.

3. Musabirov M.Kh., Sokhranenie i uvelichenie produktivnosti neftyanykh plastov (Preserving and increasing the productivity of oil reservoirs), Kazan': FEN Publ., 2007, 424 p.

4. Silin M.A. et al., Kislotnye obrabotki plastov i metodiki ispytaniya kislotnykh sostavov (Acid formation treatment and methods for acid compositions testing), Moscow: Publ. of Gubkin Russin State University of Oil and Gas, 2011, 120 p.

5. Patent no. 2638668 RF, MPK E 21 B 43/24, Method of thermofoam-acid treatment of near-well zone of carbonate reservoir, Inventors: Ismagilov F.Z., Khabibrakhmanov A.G., Novikov I.M., Latypov R.R., Nafikov A.A., Podavalov V.B., Nig"matullin M.M., Gavrilov V.V., Nig"matullin I.M., Musabirov M.Kh., Abusalimov E.M., Dmitrieva A.Yu., Musabirova N.M., Orlov E.G., Yarullin R.R.

6. Patent no. 2308475 RF, MPK S 09 K 8/74, Composition for acid treatment of critical zone of formation (Variants), Inventor: Musabirov M.Kh.

The conditions for the development of unconventional reserves stipulate the use of improved approaches in studying the characteristics of Domanic wells stimulation. An important aspect of the use of acidic compounds is obtaining a significant increase in the well flow index based on a detailed study of the possibility of the effects produced by various compounds on core samples in laboratory conditions. Conducting filtration studies on reservoir models reduces the risks of using new acid formulations in real unconventional reserves field conditions during pilot trials.

The article presents the results of optimizing acid compositions for Domanic deposits. The acid composition was optimized by physicochemical studies at a manometric installation using core, oil and water samples from the Bavlinskoye field. The results of the selection of corrosion inhibitors and tests to assess the stability of the acid composition and stabilization of iron (III) ions, which prevent the formation of stable emulsions and sediment, are presented.

The paper also includes the experimental data of filtration studies to determine the optimal volume of the acid composition at various rates of its injection into the pore matrix of the reservoir.

Under Agreement 14.607.21.0195 and as part of the Federal Target Program “Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex in 2014–2020”, Almetyevsk State Oil Institute carries out work on the theme “Development of Scientific and Technological Solutions for the Development of Unconventional Reservoirs (Domanic deposits) and Hard-to-Recover Oil (Bituminous Oil) Based on Experimental Studies”, which is focused on improving the process of production intensification with application of acid compositions in wells drilled in Domanic deposits.

References

1. Khisamov R.S., Zakirov I.S., Zakharova E.F. et al., Experience of studying and development of Domanic deposits on the example of Bavlinskoye field of the Republic of Tatarstan (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 11, pp. 78–83.

2. Kharisov R.Ya., Folomeev A.E., Bulgakova G.T., Telin A.G., The complex approach to the choice of the optimum acid composition for well stimulation in carbonate (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2011, no. 2, pp. 78–82.

3. Glushchenko V.N., Ptashko O.A., Kharisov R.Ya., Denisova A.V., Kislotnye obrabotki. Sostavy, mekhanizmy reaktsii. Dizayn (Acid treatments. Compositions, reaction mechanisms. Design), Ufa: Gilem Publ., 2010, 392 p.

4. Patent no. RU2161250C1, Method of acid treatment of wells in carbonate oil formation, Inventors: Telin A.G., Ismagilov T.A., Vakhitov T.M., Vakhitov M.F., Kaveev Kh.Z., Khisamutdinov A.I., Khayrullin I.A., Akhmetov N.Z.

5. Kharisov R.Ya., Folomeev A.E., Koptyaeva E.I., Telin A.G., Manometricheskaya ustanovka kak instrument vybora kislotnykh sostavov dlya stimulyatsii skvazhin v karbonatnykh kollektorakh (Manometrical unit as a tool for selecting acid compositions for stimulating wells in carbonate reservoirs), Proceedings of V All-Russian Scientific Conference “Neftepromyslovaya khimiya” (Oilfield chemistry), 24-25 June 2010, Moscow: Publ. of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 2010, pp. 91-92.

6. Folomeev A.E., Sharifullin A.R., Vakhrushev S.A. et al., Theory and practice of acidizing high temperature carbonate reservoirs of R. Trebs oil field, Timan-Pechora Basin (In Russ.), SPE-171242-RU, 2014.

7. Telin A.G., Puti povysheniya effektivnosti solyanokislotnykh obrabotok skvazhin v karbonatnykh kollektorakh s vysokovyazkimi neftyami (Ways to increase the efficiency of hydrochloric acid treatments of wells in carbonate reservoirs with high viscosity oils), Proceedings of international scientific and practical conference “Sovremennye metody razrabotki mestorozhdeniy s trudnoizvlekaemymi zapasami i netraditsionnymi kollektorami” (Modern methods of developing fields with hard-to-recover reserves and unconventional reservoirs), dedicated to the 120th anniversary of Kazakhstani oil, the opening of the administrative building of the branch of KMG Engineering LLP Caspiymunaygas, Part 1, Atyrau, 2019, pp. 477–485.

8. Rozovskiy R.Ya., Kinetika topokhimicheskikh reaktsiy (Kinetics of topochemical reactions), Moscow: Khimiya Publ., 1974, 224 p.

9. Zakirov I.S., Zakharova E.F., Musabirov M.Kh., Ganiev D.I., Approaches to assessing the effectiveness of chemicals on core material of Domanic deposits (In Russ.), Neftyanaya provintsiya, 2019, no. 3(19), pp. 141–155.

10. Kharisov R.Ya., Folomeev A.E., Sharifullin A.R. et al., Integrated approach to acid treatment optimization in carbonate reservoirs, Energy & Fuels, 2012, V. 26, pp. 2621–2630.

The article presents the results of laboratory study, coreflow tests, modeling and practical approach of acid treatment applied to remove scales from oil producing wells in sandstone reservoir. The fact of scaling from produced water was determined with using of core tests. Ways to estimate the amount of calcium carbonate scales in near-wellbore region using Oddo – Thomson’s method and coreflow tests were considered. Optimal hydrochloric acid and modification reagent concentrations for Sorovskoye field formation were chosen during laboratory study. Chemical compatibility of chosen acid compositions with the formation water and oil were tested. The results of coreflow tests with using different technological solutions (various acid compositions and mutual solvent as a preflush) were demonstrated. Approach to treatment modeling to remove calcium carbonate scales from near wellbore zone of oil producing wells in a sandstone reservoir was described. It consists of three calculation stages: calcium carbonate scale quantity, acid composition volume and technological efficiency of acid treatment. Acidizing calculation template with optimal treatment design function (type, concentration, volume of acid and estimated production rate after ramp up) was developed. The results of field tests with using treatment modeling have been demonstrated. Comparison of the field tests results and calculated production rate was given.

References

1. Folomeev A.E., Sharifullin A.R., Vakhrushev S.A., Davidenko I.S., Proektirovanie kislotnogo vozdeystviya dlya usloviy soleotlagayushchikh skvazhin, ekspluatiruyushchikh terrigennye ob"ekty, na primere Sorovskogo mestorozhdeniya (Designing the acid effect for salt-depositing wells operating terrigenous objects, on the example of the Sorovskoye field), Proceedings of Interregional Scientific and Technical Conference “70 let nauchnykh issledovaniy i proektirovaniya obustroystva mestorozhdeniy nefti i gaza” (70 years of research and design for the development of oil and gas fields),Ufa, September 21–22, 2017, Ufa: Publ. of BashNIPIneft', 2018, pp. 205–216.

2. Folomeev A.E., Faizov R.A., Sharifullin A.R. et al., An integrated approach in justifying the choice of technology for combating scaling in oil wells (In Russ.), Inzhenernaya praktika, 2018, no. 06–07, pp. 98–104.

3. Oddo J.E., Tomson M.B., Method predicts well bore scale, corrosion, Oil and Gas Journal, 1998, June, pp. 107–114.

4. Sidorovskiy V.A., Vskrytie plastov i povyshenie produktivnosti skvazhin (Formation drilling and increase well productivity), Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1978, 256 p.

5. Economides M.J., Nolte K.G., Reservoir stimulation, New York: JohnWilley & Sons, LTD, 2000, 824 p.

6. McLeod H.O., Jr. Ledlow L.B., Till M.V., The planning, execution and evaluation of acid treatments in sandstone formations, SPE-11931-MS, 1983.

7. McLeod N.O., Matrix acidizing, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1984, v. 36, pp. 2055–2069.

Cavitation is accompanied by numerous secondary effectsю It is a powerful factor in intensifying the processes of dispergation, emulsifying, homogenization, cleaning of deposits etc. In this article authors generalized their long-term experience on the development of science-based theoretical and technological solutions in the equipment design and technology development using the cavitation jet flow to solve the problems of the oil and gas industry. We proposed multicomponent dispersed media (drilling muds and cement slurry) using cavitation, and achieved significant positive results in the processes of wells construction and workover. Cleaning of production and tubing strings from deposits with different chemical composition and strength cuts down capital expenditure and operating costs for replacement and repair of equipment, and increases the overhaul interval. We designed improved oil recovery methods by treatment of near-wellbore zones of the productive formation during vibrowave intensification or complex physical-chemical decolmatation. We developed technologies for bottom-hole cleaning from compacted cemented clay-sand plugs, completely or partially overlapping the perforation interval, including depression.

The proposed technical solutions were tested in industrial objects of the oil and gas industry in Krasnodar and Stavropol, Rostov, Tyumen, Astrakhan, Sverdlovsk and Volgograd regions, Republics of Adygea, Kalmykia and Komi, in Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamal-Nenets autonomous districts. Scientific novelty and uniqueness of the offered devices and technologies is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation and certificates on databases.

References

1. Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A., Zotov E.N., Development and testing of fluidjet technologies and devices to improve the efficiency of cleaning the bottom of wells (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2019, no. 1, pp. 69–72.

2. Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A., Production stimulation during well workover under conditions of lost circulation zone (In Russ.) Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2019, no. 3, pp. 82–85

3. Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A., Gidrodinamicheskie i kavitatsionnye struynye tekhnologii v neftegazovom dele (Hydrodynamic and cavitation jet technology in oil and gas business), Krasnodar: Publ. of CSTU, 2017, 215 p.

4. Maslov V.V., Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologii prigotovleniya, razrabotka i vybor komponentov burovykh promyvochnykh zhidkostey dlya stroitel'stva neftyanykh i gazovykh skvazhin (Improving the technology of preparation, development and selection of drilling fluid components for the construction of oil and gas wells): thesis of candidate of technical science, Tyumen', 2007.

5. Utility patent no. 116068 RF, Kavitatsionnyy dispergator-smesitel' (Cavitation dispersant mixer), Inventors: Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A.

6. Patent no. 2694774 RF, Rotary pulsation device, Inventors: Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A., Melyukhov E.V.

7. Omel'yanyuk M.V., Razrabotka tekhnologii gidrodinamicheskoy kavitatsionnoy ochistki trub ot otlozheniy pri remonte skvazhin (Development of technology for hydrodynamic cavitation pipe cleaning from deposits during well repair): thesis of candidate of technical science, Krasnodar, 2004.

8. Patent no. 2542015 C1 RF, Rotary hydraulic vibrator, Inventors: Omel'yanyuk M.V., Pakhlyan I.A.

9. Crabtree M., Eslinger D., Fletcher P. et al., Fighting scale: Removal and prevention, Oilfield Review, 1999, V. 11, no. 3, pp. 30–45.

One of the key factors affecting the operating efficiency of producing wells, especially with a high gas content in the product, is to maintain the optimum annular gas pressure. The accumulation of petroleum gas in the annulus in the process of oil extraction by the mechanized method, in particular by sucker-rod pumping units, leads to a decrease in depression on the reservoir, the influx of formation fluid and other negative consequences. The above determines the relevance of the use of various methods and technologies for pumping gas from the annular space of producing wells.

The article investigates the problem of optimizing the annular gas pressure and evaluating the effectiveness of its reduction by calculating the potential increase in well flow rate. As optimization criteria, the joint implementation of the following conditions was proposed: ensuring the permissible volume fraction of gas at the inlet, minimum pump immersion under the dynamic level, and maximizing the flow rate of the well. A two-stage algorithm for calculating the parameters of an optimal well operation mode was developed, based on a mathematical model of a three-phase steady-state fluid flow in a wellbore, taking into account phase transitions, hydraulic losses, and the effect of oil and gas slippage. A study was made of the influence of the gas factor and the water content of the product on the effectiveness of reducing gas pressure in the annulus of producing wells. Simulation has shown that the optimal annular gas pressure increases with increasing gas factor and decreasing water cut, and in the natural gas separation mode at the intake it can reach up to 4.0 MPa. It was proposed to use gas separators and anchors as part of a shafts system, which, all other things being equal, would reduce the optimal annular pressure of gas and ultimately increase well production and operating efficiency. Calculations show that pumping gas from the well annular space allows, under favorable geological and technical conditions, to obtain a significant inease in fluid flow rate — up to 15–20 m3/day.

References

1. Zubairov S.G., Urazakov K.R., Azizov A.M., Usmanov R.V., Complex approach to reducing the influence of associated petroleum gas on rod pump unit efficiency (In Russ.), Neftegazovoe delo, 2019, V. 17, no. 3, pp. 106–112.

2. Urazakov K.R., Abramova E.V., Topol'nikov A.S., Minnigalimov R.Z., Technology for increasing oil from low-productiv wells (In Russ.), Neftegazovoe delo, 2013, no. 4, pp. 201–211.

3. Rabaev R.U., Belozerov V.V., Molchanova V.A., Associated annular gas utilization methods (In Russ.), Neftegazovoe delo, 2019, V. 17,no. 2, pp. 88–93.

4. Sevast'yanov A.V., Mingulov Sh.G., Nigay Yu.V., Valeev M.D., Tret'yakov R.S., Research and optimization of gas extraction from the annular space of oil wells (In Russ.), Problemy sbora, podgotovki i transporta nefti i nefteproduktov, 2016, no. 2 (104), pp. 42–48.

5. Mak-Koy Ch., A gas compressor operating from the rocker of a rocking machine is useful in various field operations (In Russ.), Neftegazovye tekhnologii, 2004, no. 3, pp. 44–46.

6. Isaev A.A., Takhautdinov R.Sh., Malykhin V.I., Sharifullin A.A., Efficient system of oil production (In Russ.), Neftepromyslovoe delo, 2018, no. 11, pp. 49–54.

7. Urazakov K.R., Molchanova V.A., Topol'nikov A.S., Mathematical model of a rod installation with an ejector for pumping gas from the annulus (In Russ.), Interval, 2007, no. 6, pp. 54–60.

8. Bakhtizin R.N., Urazakov K.R., Latypov B.M., Ishmukhametov B.Kh., Fluid leakage in a sucker-rod pump with regular micro-relief at surface of the plunger (In Russ.), Neftegazovoe delo, 2016, V. 14, no. 4, pp. 33–39.

9. Urazakov K.R., Bakhtizin R.N., Ismagilov S.F., Topol'nikov A.S., Theoretical dynamometer card calculation taking into account complications in the sucker rod pump operation (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2014, no. 1, pp. 90–93.

10. Shi H., Holmes J., Durlofsky L.J. et al., Drift-flux modeling of two-phase flow in wellbores, SPE-84228-PA , 2005.

11. Volkov M.G., Smolyanets E.F., Specifics of oil well operation in the conditions of high free gas content in the production stream (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 11, pp. 120–124.

12. Mikhaylov V.G., Ponomarev A.I., Topol'nikov A.S., Prediction of gas factor taking into account gas dissolved in the water at late stages development of oil fields (In Russ.), SOCAR Proceedings, 2017, no. 3, pp. 41–48.

The result of construction of the underwater crossing by the method of horizontal directional drilling is the pipeline laid in a well. For successful scrubbing of the pipeline it is necessary to prepare well which design parameters will ensure smooth passage of the pipeline. The study of the results of scrubbing main pipelines in the construction of underwater transitions shows that the emergence of technological complications with the well areas, which are characterized by the presence of: ledges (steps) in Transition intervals of soils differing in strength; Intervals of collapse of uncemented soils and unstable clay soils; areas where large-scale inclusions are accumulated. In order to prevent technological complications and avoid the loss of the constructed underwater transition with the pipeline in it due to the presence of zones of complicated intervals in the built well it is necessary to present strict requirements as to the condition of the borehole the underwater transition of the pipeline, and control its geometrical parameters and profile before the dragging of the pipeline.

Therefore, the well-known results of laying of pipelines at transitions constructed by the method of inclined directional drilling were studied, their interrelation with possible change of a trajectory of a pipeline in a well at presence of obstacles on well. Attention was drawn to the mutual influence of the traction forces of the drilling rig and the elastic-deformative and strength characteristics of the pipeline. As a result of the work carried out the conditions necessary for safe scrubbing of the pipeline in the well of the underwater transition when changing the trajectory of the pipeline in the well due to the presence of a zone of soil accumulation.

References

1. Sharafutdinov Z.Z., Parizher V.I., Sorokin D.N. et al., Stroitel'stvo perekhodov magistral'nykh truboprovodov cherez estestvennye i iskusstvennye prepyatstviya (Construction of crossings of trunk pipelines through natural and artificial obstacles), Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2013, 339 p.

2. Sharafutdinov Z.Z., Sapsay A.N., Shatalov D.A. et al., Engineering and technical issues of pulling a pipeline through a well of an submerged crossing (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 10, pp. 114–119.

3. Sapsay A.N., Sharafutdinov Z.Z., Urmancheev S.F., Determination of optimal hole curvature for construction of underwater crossing (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2019, no. 2, pp. 90–93.

4. Sapsay A.N., Sharafutdinov Z.Z., Urmancheev S.F., Durability of the drill string during the construction of pipeline underwater crossings by the directional drilling method (In Russ.), Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2018, no. 5, pp. 88–92.

5. Vafin D.R., Komarov A.I., Shatalov D.A., Sharafutdinov Z.Z., Geomechanical modeling of building conditions for main pipeline submerged crossings (In Russ.), Nauka i tehnologii truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2016, no. 4(24), pp. 54–64.

In the literature data, much less attention is paid to the study of the stress-strain state of pipelines and metal structures of site facilities than to similar objects of the linear part of main pipelines. This article analyzes the capabilities, advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches to the experimental determination of the parameters of the stress-strain state of technological pipelines and other metal structures used at oil pumping stations and tank farms. For these products, characteristic sizes range fr om several tens of centimeters to several meters. This is a significant difference fr om the linear part, wh ere the characteristic length starts from ten meters (the length of one pipe section).The possibilities of application of tensometry, optical, magnetic and ultrasonic methods are considered. Examples of attempts to practical implementation of these methods at site facilities are given, and problems that hinder the implementation of these methods in the practice of diagnosing objects during operation are noted. Among these problems, the main ones include the following. As a rule, there is no information about the initial state of the metal structure before operation and the history of their loading during operation, the chemical composition and methods of manufacturing controlled metal structures vary widely, the results of measuring and calculating the parameters of the stress-strain state depend on the chemical composition and method of manufacturing metal structures, there are no generally accepted established requirements for samples for standardization of mechanical stresses in a metal. The article states that it is advisable to measure the parameters of the stress-strain state of metal structures using a set of complementary methods. It is also advisable to supplement these measurements with calculation methods for determining stresses. It is noted that currently there are no methods that fully meet the requirements for measuring the parameters of the stress-strain state of metal structures as part of the site facilities of trunk pipelines. Promising methods for determining the stress-strain state are noted.

References

1. Makhutov N.A., Prochnost' i bezopasnost': fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya (Strength and safety: fundamental and applied research), Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2008, 528 p.

2. Lisin Yu.V., Ermish S.V., Makhutov N.A. et al., Impact of stress-strain state of the pipeline on the lim it state of the pipeline (In Russ.), Nauka i tehnologiya truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2017, V. 7, no. 4, pp. 12–16.

3. Neganov D.A., Basics of deterministic normative methods of pipeline strength substantiation (In Russ.), Nauka i tehnologiya truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2018, V. 8, no. 6, pp. 608–617.

4. Erekhinskiy B.A., Maslakov S.V., Shustov N.I., Cracking of metal housings of Christmas-tree gate valves of northern fields gas producers (In Russ.), Territoriya Neftegaz, 2014, no. 2, pp. 31–36.

5. Lyapishev D.M., Zhitomirskiy B.L., Modern approaches to the organization of monitoring of stress strain behavior of process pipelines and compressor plants (In Russ.), Gazovaya promyshlennost', 2016, no. 11, pp. 46–53.

6. Egorov F.A., Neugodnikov A.P., Veliyulin I.I., The study of the stress-strain state of the pipes of the main pipeline using fiber-optic strain gauges (In Russ.), Territoriya Neftegaz, 2011, no. 10, pp. 26–29.

7. Islamov R.R. et al., Determination of longitudinal mechanical stresses in pipeline based on data fiber optic sensors for measuring strain (In Russ.), Oborudovanie i tekhnologii dlya neftegazovogo kompleksa, 2016, no. 5, pp. 45–50.

8. Gorkunov E.S., Efimov A.G., Shubochkin A.E. et al., Modern approaches to the organization of monitoring of stress strain behavior of process pipelines and compressor plants (In Russ.), V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya, 2016, V. 19, no. 3, pp. 43–46.

9. Antonov A.A., Letunovsky A.P., Possibilities of assessment of residual stress in welded designs (In Russ.), V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya, 2018, V. 21, no. 1, pp. 10–12.

10. Kuzmitskiy M.L., Ksenofontov N.M., Challenges of stress measuring methods application on the structural assessment of navigation facilities machinery (In Russ.), V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya, 2018, V. 21, no. 1, pp. 14–18.

11. Zhukov S.V., Kopitsa N.N., Defect – condition of destruction (In Russ.), Truboprovodnyy transport. Teoriya i praktika, 2006, no. 1, pp. 84–87.

12. Mekhontsev Yu.Ya., Magnitouprugie datchiki dlya issledovaniya ostatochnykh napryazheniy (Magnetoelastic sensors for residual stress testing), In: Ostatochnye napryazheniya v zagotovkakh i detalyakh krupnykh mashin (Residual stresses in the workpieces and parts of large machines), Sverdlovsk: Publ. of NIITYaZhMASh, 1971.

13. Aginey R.V., Islamov R.R., Mamedova E.A., Determination of stress-strain state of the pressure pipeline section by the coercive force measurement results (In Russ.), Nauka i tehnologiya truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2019, no. 3, pp. 284–298.

14. Vengrinovich V.L., Vintov D.A., Prudnikov A.N. et al., Peculiarities of internal stress measurement in ferromagnetic materials using barkhausen effect and other magnetic techniques (In Russ.), V mire nerazrushayushchego kontrolya, 2018, V. 21, no. 1, pp. 5–9.

15. Dymkin G.Ya., Krasnobryzhii S.A., Shevelev A.V., An ultrasonic method for measuring residual mechanical stresses in the rims of solid-rolled railroad wheels that considers the intrinsic anisotropy of the material (In Russ.), Defektoskopiya = Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2013, V. 49, no. 1, pp. 8–14.

16. Volkova L.V., Murav'eva O.V., Murav'ev V.V., Buldakova I.V., Device and methods for measuring of acoustic anisotropy and the residual stress in the main gas pipelines’ metal (In Russ.), Pribory i metody izmereniy, 2019, V. 10, no. 1, pp. 42–52.

17. Aleshin N.P., Baranov V.Yu., Bezsmertnyy S.P., Mogil'ner L.Yu., The effect of anisotropy of the elastic properties of rolled products on the detection of defects during ultrasonic quality control of welding large diameter pipes (In Russ.), Defektoskopiya, 1988, no. 6, pp. 80–86.

When making proved engineering decisions, it is necessary to consider relations between a geological formation, a well and a surface infrastructure. It requires conduction of multivariate calculations under uncertainty conditions. Gazprom Neft uses its own information system for integrated conceptual design – ERA:ISKRA. The technology that stands behind the system realizes batch calculation approach currently based on complete grid of all parameters combinations. When working with large datasets, the complete grid approach appears to be computationally expensive. Thus, time-effective algorithm for global optimization is needed.

Current paper formulates the problem in terms of mathematical optimization. Different approaches were analyzed: classical design of experiments, derivative-free methods, metaheuristics, and metamodeling techniques. New metamodeling approaches are proposed. All algorithms were transformed to fit the current problem in terms of business constrains. Dataset of 864 pre-calculated options was used for the testing purpose. Two metrics were used: number of iterations to convergence and convergence at the certain iteration. Testing results show that proposed algorithms provide a significant improvement in the optimal solution search time for ERA:ISKRA. This should allow to enhance the process of conceptual design and rearrange time from routine operations to detailed research of the optimal solution.

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