The paper discusses the positive and negative aspects of the water and oil-based process fluids (drilling muds) which are used for wells construction. Nowadays, clay based drilling muds are mainly used, which lead to significant clogging of the bottom hole formation zone and reducing of its permeability. In this work, polymer based drilling muds are designed based on the laboratory studies, where different xanthan biopolymer based mud compounds vary according to the type and amount of filtration reducers, clay swelling inhibitor, surfactant and pH regulator. The performed analysis demonstrates that the best composition of the drilling mud with polymer concentration 0.2% should be recommended for well drilling. The proposed drilling mud contains easily breakable components and has low values of the filtration indicator and technologically necessary structural and rheological properties, which allows maintaining the permeability of the productive reservoirs filter and reducing the energy required for the movement of fluids. Developed drilling mud has sufficiently high lubricating and hydrophobizating properties that prevent deep penetration of flushing fluid filtrate into the reservoir and eliminate the formation of stable water-oil emulsions in the bottom hole formation zone, and they also improve the drill bit working conditions on the bottom of the well, and provide the free passage of the drilling tool and be preventive measures for sticking of the drill string.
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