Perm region belongs to the oldest oil and gas producing regions of Russia, in this connection, the fields are at various stages of development, and the vast majority of which belongs to the small.
The productive layers of five oil and gas complexes lie at depths of less than 2.5 km, are represented by a sandy and carbonate type of reservoir, have a low temperature and relatively low reservoir properties with high variability, both in area and in section. The most complex structure and a wider range of geological and physical properties are differ by productive formations with carbonate reservoir type, which is confirmed by lower rates of their production and excess of the share of residual recoverable reserves (62%), in the current period, over the initial geological (55%) in comparison with the sand reservoir type. In the conditions under consideration, testing of hydraulic fracturing (frac) technologies occurred separately for the conditions of each type of reservoir.
Since 2005, the history of industrial application of modern approaches and equipment in the implementation of hydraulic fracturing has begun. The article presents the evolution of the application of technology modifications taking into account the features of objects. The development of technologies occurred as a result of the interaction of specialists at all stages of planning, implementation and analysis of the work performed within the framework of the formed working group, which is an integral part of the monitoring of field development. As a result of the individual approach, hydraulic fractures with the use of acid compositions, proppant, various systems of fracturing fluids, diverters and water flow restrictions for the conditions of carbonate and sandy reservoirs are successfully implemented, the conditions for their most effective application are determined. Currently, more than twenty hydraulic fracturing modifications have been tested and transferred to industrial use. The implementation of an individual approach has significantly expanded the scope of hydraulic fracturing and increase the rate of development of reserves of low-yielding layers.
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